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Information systems
ch. 5-8
103
Business
Undergraduate 3
10/25/2010

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Term
enterprise archticect
Definition
person grounded in technology, fluent in business, and provides the important bridge between IT and the business
Term
Enterprise Architecture (EA)
Definition
includes the plans for how an organization will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and IT assets
Term
Information architecture
Definition
identifies where and how important information, such as customer records, is maintained and secured.
Term
backup
Definition
exact copy of a systems information
Term
Recovery
Definition
ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure and includes restoring the information backup.
Term
fault tolerance
Definition
computer system designed that in the event a component fails, a backup component or procedure can immediately take its place with no loss of service
Term
Failover
Definition
backup in which the functions of a computer component (such as a processor, server, network, or database)
Term
disaster recovery plan
Definition
detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disater such as a fire or flood
Term
hot site
Definition
seperate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disater and resume buisness
Term
cold site
Definition
seperate facility that does not have any computer computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disater
Term
disaster recovery cost curve
Definition
charts (1) cost of the organization of the unavailablilty of information and technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recoverying from a disaster over time.
Term
Business continuity planning (bcp)
Definition
plan for how an orgnaization will recover and restore partially or completelyinterrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disater or extended disruption
Term
Business continuity planning (bcp)
Definition
plan for how an orgnaization will recover and restore partially or completelyinterrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disater or extended disruption
Term
Infrastructure architecture
Definition
includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organization's goals
Term
5 characteristics of a solid infrastructure architecture
Definition
1. Flexbility
2. Scalability- how well a system can adapt to increased demands. Capacity planning- determines the future It infrastructure requirements for new equipment and additional network capacity.
3.Reliability- ensures all systems are functioning correctly and providing accurate information.
4.Availiabilty- systems can be accessed by users.
5.Performance-how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction.
Term
Application architecture
Definition
how applicants integrate and relate to each other
Term
Interoperability
Definition
capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers.
Term
open system
Definition
broad, general term that describes nonproprietary IT hardware and software made available by the standards and procedures by which their products work making it easier easier to integrate them
Term
open source
Definition
any products whose source code is made available for use or modification as users or other developers see fit
Term
Service orineted archtiecture (SOA)
Definition
business-driven IT architectural approach that supports integrating a business as linked, repeteable tasks or services.
Benefits include services, Interoperability, and Loose coupling
Term
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Definition
markup language for documents containing structured information.
Term
Loose coupling
Definition
capability of services to be joined on demand to create composite services or disassembled just as easily into their functional components
Term
Virtualization
Definition
framework of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution enviornments. It is a way of increasing physical resources to maximize the investment in hardware.
Term
System virtualization
Definition
"server virtualization" or "desktop virtualization" depending on the role of the virtualization system) is the ability to present the resources of a single computer as if a collection of seperate computers ("virtual machines") each with its own virtual CPUs, network interfaces, storage, and operating system
Term
Grid computing
Definition
aggregation of geograhically dispersed computing, storage, and network resources, coordinated to deliver improved performance, higher quality of service, better utilization, and easier access of data.
Term
ch.2 Data
Definition
raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event
Term
Information
Definition
data converted into a meaningful and useful context.
Term
Information granularity
Definition
extent of detail within the information(fine and detailed or coarse and abstract).
Term
transactional information
Definition
encompasses all of the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performing of daily operational tasks.
Term
analytical information
Definition
encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks
Term
Real-time information
Definition
immediate, up-to-date information
Term
Real time system
Definition
provide real-time information in response to query requests
Term
Value of quality Information
Definition
1. Accuracy-are all the values correct?
2.Completeness- Are any of the values missing?
3.Consistency- Is aggregate or summary information in agreement with detailed information
4.Uniqueness-Is each transaction, entity,and event represented only once in the information?
5.Timeliness- Is the information current with respect to the business requirements?
Term
Understanding the Costs of poor and good information
Definition
Using the wrong information can lead to making the wrong decision. Can cost time, money, and even reputations.
Goods- can significantly improve the chances of making a good decision and directly increase an organization's bottom line
Term
database
Definition
maintains information about various types of objects(inventory), events(transactions), people (employees) and places (warehouses)
Term
hierarchical database network
Definition
information is organized into a tree-like structure that allows repeating using parent/child relationship in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships
Term
network database model
Definition
flexible way of representing objects and their relationships. multiple parent and child records.
Term
relational database model
Definition
type of database that stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables
Term
entity
Definition
person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored
Term
Attributes
Definition
called fields or columns, are chacteristics or properties of an entity class
Term
primary key
Definition
field(or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
Term
foreign key
Definition
relational database model is a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationships between two tables
Term
physical view
Definition
information deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device such as a hard disk
Term
logical view
Definition
of information focuses on how users logically access information to meet their particular business needs
Term
Scalability
Definition
how well a system can adapt to increased demands
Term
performance
Definition
how quickly a system performs a certain processor transaction
Term
Redundancy
Definition
duplication of information, or storing the same information in multiple places
Term
Information integrity
Definition
measure of quality of information
Term
integrity constraints
Definition
are rules that help ensure the quality of information
Term
relational integrity constraints
Definition
rules that enforce basic and fundamental information- based constraints
Term
Business-critical integrity constraints
Definition
enforce business rules vital to an organization's success and often require more insight and knowledge than relational integrity constraints
Term
database management system (DBMS)
Definition
software through which users and application programs interact with a database. directly and indirecly
Term
integration
Definition
allows seperate systems to communicate directly with each other
Term
forward integration
Definition
takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes
Term
backward integration
Definition
takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes
Term
data warehouse
Definition
logical collection of information- gathered from many different operational databases- that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks
Term
extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL)
Definition
which is a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse
Term
data mart
Definition
subset of data warehouse information
Term
cube
Definition
common term for the representation of multidimensional information
Term
information cleansing or scrubbing
Definition
process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorect, or incomplete information
Term
Data mining
Definition
process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone. begin at a summary inforation level (soarse granularity) and progress through increasing levels of detail (drilling down), or the reverse (drilling up).
Term
ch.6 Telecommunication systems
Definition
enables the transmission of data over public or private networks
Term
network
Definition
communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work togehter
Term
local area network (LAN)
Definition
designed to connect a group of computers in close proximity to each other such as in an office building, a school, or a home. sare files, printers ect...
Term
wide area network (WAN)
Definition
spans a large geographic area, such as a state, province, or country.
Term
metropolitan area network (MAN)
Definition
large computer network usually spanning a city
Term
Voice over IP (Voip)
Definition
uses Tcp/IP technology to transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone lines. Transmits over 10 percent of all phone calls in the us
Term
virtual private network (VPN)
Definition
way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g. Internet) to provide secure access to an organization's network
Term
value-added network
Definition
private network, provided by a third party, for exchanging information through a high capacity connection
Term
bandwidth
Definition
difference between the highest and the lowest frequencies that can be transmitted on a single medium, and it is a measure of the mediums capacity
Term
broadband
Definition
generally refers to high speed internet connections transmitting data at speeds greater than 200 kilobytes per second(kbps), compared to 56 Kbps maximum speed offered by traditional dial-up connections
Term
smart phone
Definition
combines functions of a cell phone and a PDA in a single device
Term
bluetooth
Definition
telecommunications industry specified that describes how mobile phones, computers, and personal digital assistants (PDA's) can be easily interconnected using a short range wireless connection
Term
satilite
Definition
big microwave repeater in the sky; it contains one or more transponders that listen to a particular portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, amplyfying incoming signals and retransmitting them back to earth
Term
microwave transmitter
Definition
uses the atmosphere as the transmission medium to send the signal to a microwave receiver
Term
location-based services (LBS)
Definition
wireless mobile content services that provide location-specific information to mobile users moving from location to location
Term
global positioning system (Gps)
Definition
constellation of 24 well-spaced satelites that orbit the earth and make it possbible for people with ground recievers to pinpoint their geographic location
Term
geographic information system (GIS)
Definition
designed to work with information that can be shown on a map
Term
wireless fidelity (wi-fi)
Definition
means of linking computers using infrared or radiosignals
Term
WiMax
Definition
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a telecommuniations technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cell type access
Term
Radio frequency identification(RFID)
Definition
use active or passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers
Term
ch.8 production
Definition
creation of goods and services using the factors of production: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge
Term
production management
Definition
describe all the activities managers do to help companies create goods.
Term
Operations management (OM)
Definition
management of systems or processes that convert or transform resources(including human resources)into goods and services.
Term
transformation process
Definition
technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations, and is the actual conversion of inputs to outputs
Term
value-added
Definition
difference between the cost of inputs and the value of price of outputs
Term
strategic business units (SBUs)
Definition
several stand-alone businesses
Term
strategic planning
Definition
long range planning such as plant size, location, and type of process to be used
Term
Materials requirement planning (MRP)systems
Definition
use sales forcast to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place in a specific company
Term
tactical planning
Definition
focuses on producing goods and services as efficiently as possible within the strategic plan
Term
Global inventory management systems
Definition
provide the ability to locate, track, and predict the movement of every component or material anywhere upstream and downstream in the production process
Term
operational planning and control (OP&C)
Definition
deals with the day-to-day procedures for performing work, including scheduling, inventory, and process management
Term
Inventory management and control systems
Definition
provide control and visibility to the status of individual items maintained in inventory
Term
transortaion planning system
Definition
track and analyze the movement of materials and products to ensure the delivery of materials and finished goods at the right time, the right place, and the lowest cost.
Term
Distribution management system
Definition
coordinate the process of transportating materials from a manufacturer to distribution centers to the final customers
Term
Competitive Om Strategey
Definition
1.Cost
2. Quality- product quilty and process quility
3.delivery
4.flexibility-ability of a company to offer a wide variety of products to its customers
Term
supply chain
Definition
consist of all parties involved, directly or indirectly in the procurement of a product or raw material
Term
supply chain management (SCM)
Definition
management of information flows between and amoung stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply shain effectiveness and profitability.
4 componets include;
strategy, partners, operation, logistic
Term
supply chain visibility
Definition
ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain.
Term
bullwhip effect
Definition
distorted product demand information passes from one entity to the next throughout the supply chain
Term
Demand planning system
Definition
generate demand forecasts using statistical tools and forecasting techniques.
Term
supply chain planning (SCP) systems
Definition
use advanced mathimatical algorithms to improve the flow and effeciency of the supply chain while reducing inventory. depends on information for its accuracy
Term
supply chain execution(SCE) systems
Definition
automate the different steps and stages of the supply chain. could be as simple as electronically routing orders from a manufacturer to a supplier
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