Term
| • Enterprise architecture |
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Definition
| includes the plans for how an organization will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and IT assets |
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Term
| • Enterprise architect (EA) - |
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Definition
| a person grounded in technology, fluent in business, a patient diplomat, and provides the important bridge between IT and the business |
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Term
| • Information architecture |
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Definition
| identifies where and how important information, such as customer records, is maintained and secured |
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Term
| • Enterprise information architecture should focus on Backup and recovery, |
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Definition
| Disaster recovery, and Information security |
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Term
|
Definition
| an exact copy of a system’s information |
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Term
|
Definition
| the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure and includes restoring the information backup |
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Term
|
Definition
| computer system designed that in the event a component fails, a backup component or procedure can immediately take its place with no loss of service |
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Term
|
Definition
| a backup operational mode in which the functions of a computer component (such as a processor, server, network, or database) is assumed by secondary system components when the primary component becomes unavailable through either failure or scheduled down time |
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Term
|
Definition
| a detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood |
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Term
| • Disaster recovery cost curve |
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Definition
| charts (1) the cost to the organization of the unavailability of information and technology and (2) the cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time |
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Term
|
Definition
| a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business |
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Term
|
Definition
| a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster |
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Term
| • Business continuity planning (BCP |
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Definition
| is a plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption |
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Term
| • Infrastructure architecture |
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Definition
| ncludes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals |
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Term
| • Five primary characteristics of a solid infrastructure architecture: |
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Definition
1. Flexibility
2. Scalability
3. Reliability
4. Availability
5. Performance |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands |
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Term
|
Definition
| determines the future IT infrastructure requirements for new equipment and additional network capacity (performing a capacity plan is one way to ensure the IT infrastructure is scalable) |
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Term
|
Definition
| ensures all systems are functioning correctly and providing accurate information |
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Term
|
Definition
| addresses when systems can be accessed by users |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to a system or component that is continuously operational for a desirably long length of time |
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Term
|
Definition
| measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction (in terms of efficiency IT metrics of both speed and throughput) |
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Term
| • Application architecture |
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Definition
| determines how applications integrate and relate to each other |
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Term
|
Definition
| contains a repertoire of Web-based data and procedural resources that use shared protocols and standards permitting different applications to share data and services |
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Term
|
Definition
| the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers |
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Term
| • The two primary parts of web services are: |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| detect threats and opportunities and alert those who can act on the information |
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Term
|
Definition
| more like software products than they are coding projects (Need to be reusable if they are going to have an impact on productivity) |
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Term
|
Definition
| a broad, general term that describes nonproprietary IT hardware and software made available by the standards and procedures by which their products work, making it easier to integrate them |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to any program whose source code is made available for use or modification as users or other developers see fit |
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Term
| • Service oriented architecture (SOA |
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Definition
| is a business-driven IT architectural approach that supports integrating a business as linked, repeatable tasks or services |
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Term
| • The key technical concepts of SOA are |
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Definition
| Services, Interoperability, & Loose coupling |
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Term
|
Definition
| can be a business task, such as checking a potential customer's credit rating only opening a new account |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers |
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Term
| • Extensible Markup Language (XML) |
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Definition
| a markup language for documents containing structured information |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the capability of services to be joined together on demand to create composite services, or disassembled just as easily into their functional components |
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Term
|
Definition
| is a framework of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers ("virtual machines") |
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Term
| • Trends of virtualization |
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Definition
| Hardware being underutilized, Data centers running out of space, increased energy costs & System administration costs mounting. |
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Term
|
Definition
| is an aggregation of geographically dispersed computing, storage, and network resources, coordinated to deliver improved performance, higher quality of service, better utilization, and easier access to data |
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Term
|
Definition
| immediate, up-to-date information |
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Term
|
Definition
| provides real-time information in response to query requests |
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Term
| • Characteristics of high-quality information |
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Definition
| Accuracy, Completeness, Consistency, Uniqueness , & Timeliness. |
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Term
| primary sources of low quality information |
|
Definition
1. Customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy
2. Different entry standards and formats
3. Operators enter abbreviated or erroneous information by accident or to save time
4. Third party and external information contains inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and errors |
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Term
| business effects resulting from low quality information |
|
Definition
1. Inability to accurately track customers
2. Difficulty identifying valuable customers
3. Inability to identify selling opportunities
4. Marketing to nonexistent customers
5. Difficulty tracking revenue
6. Inability to build strong customer relationships |
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Term
|
Definition
| maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses). |
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Term
| • Relational database model |
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Definition
| stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables |
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Term
|
Definition
Hierarchical database model
• Network database model
Relational database model |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| – a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored. (rows) |
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Term
|
Definition
| characteristics or properties of an entity class (columns) |
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Term
|
Definition
| a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table |
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Term
|
Definition
| from a business perspective include: Increased flexibility, scalability and performance, information redundancy, information integrity (quality), & information security |
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Term
|
Definition
| a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables |
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Term
|
Definition
| deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device |
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Term
|
Definition
| focuses on how users logically access information |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands |
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Term
|
Definition
| measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction |
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Term
|
Definition
| the duplication of information or storing the same information in multiple places |
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Term
|
Definition
| measures the quality of information |
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Term
|
Definition
| rules that help ensure the quality of information |
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Term
| • Integrity constraint Types |
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Definition
1. Relational integrity constraint
2. Business-critical integrity constraint |
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Term
|
Definition
| provides authentication of the user |
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Term
|
Definition
| determines who has access to the different types of information |
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Term
|
Definition
| determines types of user access, such as read-only access |
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Term
| • Database management systems (DBMS |
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Definition
| software through which users and application programs interact with a database |
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Term
|
Definition
| an interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of a database |
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Term
|
Definition
| allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other |
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Term
|
Definition
| takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes |
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Term
|
Definition
| takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes |
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Term
|
Definition
| a logical collection of information – gathered from many different operational databases – that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks |
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Term
| • Extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) |
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Definition
| a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse |
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Term
|
Definition
| contains a subset of data warehouse information |
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Term
|
Definition
| common term for the representation of multidimensional information |
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Term
| • Information cleansing or scrubbing |
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Definition
| a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone |
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Term
| • Telecommunication system |
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Definition
| enable the transmission of data over public or private networks |
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Term
|
Definition
| a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together |
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Term
| • Local area network (LAN) |
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Definition
| is designed to connect a group of computers in close proximity to each other such as in an office building, a school, or a home. |
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Term
| • Wide area network (WAN) |
|
Definition
| spans a large geographic area, such as a state, province, or country |
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Term
| • Metropolitan area network (MAN) |
|
Definition
| - a large computer network usually spanning a city |
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Term
| • Network and telecommunication competitive advantages |
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Definition
| Voice over IP, Networking businesses, Increasing the speed of business, Securing business networks |
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Term
|
Definition
| uses TCP/IP technology to transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone lines |
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Term
| • Virtual private network (VPN) |
|
Definition
| a way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the difference between the highest and the lowest frequencies that can be transmitted on a single medi¬um, and it is a measure of the medium's capacity |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to high-speed Internet connections transmitting data at speeds greater than 200 kilobytes per second (Kbps) |
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Term
|
Definition
| means the technology can travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in real-time |
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Term
|
Definition
| gives users a live (Internet) connection via satellite or radio transmitters |
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Term
|
Definition
| combines the functions of a cellular phone and a PDA in a single device |
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Term
|
Definition
| a telecommunications industry specification that describes how mobile phones, computers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs) can be easily interconnected using a short-range wireless connection |
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Term
|
Definition
| a big microwave repeater in the sky; it contains one or more transponders that listen to a particular portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, amplifying incoming signals, and retransmitting them back to Earth |
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Term
|
Definition
| commonly used to transmit network signals over great distances |
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Term
| • Location-based services (LBS |
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Definition
| are wireless mobile content services which provide location-specific information to mobile users moving from location to location |
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Term
| • Global Positioning System (GPS) |
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Definition
| is a "constellation" of 24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the Earth and make it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location |
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Term
| • Geographic information system (GIS) - |
|
Definition
| is designed to work with information that can be shown on a map |
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Term
| • Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) |
|
Definition
| a means of linking computers using infrared or radio signals |
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Term
| • Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) Examples |
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Definition
| Cellular phones and pagers, ,Global positioning systems (GPS), Cordless computer peripherals, Home-entertainment-system control boxes, Two-way radios, & Satellite television |
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Term
|
Definition
| is a telecommunications technology aimed at providing wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access |
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Term
|
Definition
| can provide coverage to a very large area - as big as 3,000 square miles |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ....and antenna could be built into a laptop the way Wi-Fi access is today |
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Term
| • Radio frequency identification (RFID) |
|
Definition
| use active or passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers |
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Term
|
Definition
| contains a microchip and an antenna, and typically work by transmitting a serial number via radio waves to an electronic reader, wh¬¬ich confirms the identity of a person or object bearing the tag |
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Term
|
Definition
| preventing toilets from overflowing, identifying human remains, getting into nightclubs, cooking with robots, timing athletic events, tracking wheels of cheese, monitoring casinos, tracking razor blades,& issuing passports |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the creation of goods and services using the factors of production |
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Term
|
Definition
| describes all the activities managers do to help companies create goods |
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Term
| • Operations management (OM) |
|
Definition
| the management of systems or processes that convert or transform resources into goods and services |
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Term
|
Definition
| the actual conversion of inputs to outputs |
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Term
|
Definition
| the term used to describe the difference between the cost of inputs and the value of price of outputs |
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Term
• IT’S ROLE IN OM
What, When, Where, How, Who |
|
Definition
What resources will be needed and in what amounts? When should the work be scheduled? How will the work be done?
Who will perform the work?
Where will the work be performed? |
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Term
|
Definition
| focuses on long range planning |
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|
Term
| • Strategic business units (SBUs) |
|
Definition
| consist of several stand-alone businesses |
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Term
| • Materials requirement planning (MRP |
|
Definition
| use sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place |
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Term
|
Definition
| focuses on producing goods and services as efficiently as possible within the strategic plan |
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Term
| • Global inventory management system |
|
Definition
| provides the ability to locate, track, and predict the movement of every component or material anywhere upstream or downstream in the production process |
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Term
| • Operational planning and control (OP&C) |
|
Definition
| deals with the day-to-day procedures for performing work, including scheduling, inventory, and process management |
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Term
| • Operational planning and control (OP&C) System Types |
|
Definition
1. Inventory management and control system
2. Transportation planning system
3. Distribution management system |
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Term
| key competitive priorities can add value to its OM decisions |
|
Definition
| o Cost , Quality, Delivery, Flexibility, & Service |
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Term
|
Definition
| there can be only one lowest-cost producer, and that firm usually establishes the selling price in the market |
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Term
|
Definition
| is divided into two categories product and process quality |
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Term
|
Definition
| a firms ability to provide consistent and fast delivery |
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Term
|
Definition
| a firms ability to offer a wide variety of products |
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Term
|
Definition
| high-quality customer service adds tremendous value to an ordinary product |
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Term
| • Supply Chain Management (SCM) |
|
Definition
| involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability |
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Term
|
Definition
| strategy for managing all resources to meet customer demand |
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Term
|
Definition
| partners throughout the supply chain that deliver finished products, raw materials, and services. |
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Term
| 3. Supply chain operation |
|
Definition
| schedule for production activities |
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|
Term
| 4. Supply chain logistics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
strategy
partner
operation
logistics |
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Term
| • Effective and efficient SCM systems |
|
Definition
1. Decrease the power of its buyers
2. Increase its own supplier power
3. Increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services
4. Create entry barriers thereby reducing the threat of new entrants
5. Increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership |
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Term
| supply chain has three main links |
|
Definition
1. Materials flow from suppliers and their “upstream” suppliers at all levels
2. Transformation of materials into semifinished and finished products through the organization’s own production process
3. Distribution of products to customers and their “downstream” customers at all levels |
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Term
| • Supply chain visibility |
|
Definition
| the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain |
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Term
|
Definition
| occurs when distorted product demand information passes from one entity to the next throughout the supply chain |
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Term
| • Demand planning software |
|
Definition
| generates demand forecasts using statistical tools and forecasting techniques |
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Term
| • Supply chain planning (SCP) software |
|
Definition
| uses advanced mathematical algorithms to improve the flow and efficiency of the supply chain |
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Term
| • Supply chain execution (SCE) software |
|
Definition
| automates the different steps and stages of the supply chain. |
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Term
| • Three factors fostering speed |
|
Definition
Pleasing customers
Information flows |
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Term
| • Supply Chain Management Metrics |
|
Definition
Back Order:
Customer order promised cycle time
Customer Order Actual cycle time
Inventory replenishment cycle time
Inventory Turns(turnover): |
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|
Term
| • SCM industry best practices |
|
Definition
| Make the sale to suppliers, Wean employees off traditional business practices, Ensure the SCM system supports the organizational goals, Deploy in incremental phases and measure and communicate success, & Be future oriented. |
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Term
| The supply chain has three main links: |
|
Definition
Materials flow from suppliers and their “upstream” suppliers at all levels
Transformation of materials into semifinished and finished products through the organization’s own production process
Distribution of products to customers and their “downstream” customers at all levels |
|
|
Term
| Three architecture trends that are quickly becoming requirements for all businesses including: |
|
Definition
Service oriented architecture
Virtualization
Grid computing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an aggregation of geographically dispersed computing, storage, and network resources, coordinated to deliver improved performance, higher quality of service, better utilization, and easier access to data |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| individual, department, enterprise |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| document, presentation, spreadsheet, database |
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|
Term
| information granularities |
|
Definition
| detail(fine), summary, aggregate(coarse) |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the relational database model is a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored |
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Term
|
Definition
(Extraction, Transformation, and Loading)
a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| encompasses all organizational information and its primary purpose is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks |
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Term
|
Definition
| stores information in a tree-like structure that allows repeating information using parent/child relationships, in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships |
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Term
| business-critical integrity constraints |
|
Definition
System will not allow an entry for an order for a nonexistent customer.
System will not allow shipping a product to a customer who does not have a valid address.
Systems will not allow shipping of a nonexistent product to a customer. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other |
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Term
| reasons why operational systems are not appropriate for business analysis |
|
Definition
Does not include information from other operational applications.
Operational information is mainly current.
Operational information frequently has quality issues. |
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|
Term
| value-added network (VAN) |
|
Definition
| A private network, provided by a third party, for exchanging information through a high capacity connection |
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|
Term
| Virtual Private Network (VAN) |
|
Definition
| A way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combines the functions of a cellular phone and a PDA in a single device? |
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|
Term
| principles of supply chain management |
|
Definition
Customize the logistics network and focus intensively on the service requirements.
Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordingly .
Segment customers by service needs and then tailor services to those particular segments. |
|
|
Term
| The supply chain has three main links |
|
Definition
Materials flow from suppliers and their “upstream” suppliers at all levels.
Transformation of materials into semifinished and finished products through the organization’s own production process.
Distribution of products to customers and their “downstream” customers at all levels. |
|
|
Term
| Supply chain event management |
|
Definition
| enables an organization to react more quickly to resolve supply chain issues |
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|
Term
| When does OM primarily increase value-added? |
|
Definition
| During the transformation process |
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|
Term
| IT’S ROLE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN |
|
Definition
| IT’s primary role is to create integrations or tight process and information linkages between functions within a firm |
|
|
Term
| Planning and Control Supply Chain INTEGRATION |
|
Definition
| EXAMPLES: SCPlanning, collaborative product development, integrated demand and supply management. |
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Term
|
Definition
| examples: inventory visibility, performance metrics, event monitoring, business intelligence, scorecards, dashboards. |
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|
Term
| Buisness Process Integration |
|
Definition
| examples: collaborative logistics, commerce web sites, vendor-managed inventory, private exchanges. |
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|
Term
| DSSs allow managers to examine performance and relationships over the supply chain and among... |
|
Definition
Suppliers
Manufacturers
Distributors
Other factors that optimize supply chain performance |
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Term
|
Definition
| all of the activities managers do to help companies create goods |
|
|
Term
| Activities within the scope of OM? |
|
Definition
Locating facilities.
Training employees.
Capacity planning . |
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|
Term
| Which type(s) of operational planning uses distribution management systems? |
|
Definition
Strategic planning.Tactical planning.
Operational planning and control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| modern quality control standard is a framework of best practices in managing, measuring, and monitoring software development processes |
|
|
Term
| DSSs allow managers to examine performance and relationships over the supply chain and among... |
|
Definition
| Suppliers .Transportation options. Other factors that optimize supply chain performance. |
|
|
Term
| top 3 reasons why executives use SCM to manage extended enterprises? |
|
Definition
| cost control/savings. productivity improvements. inventory reductions/improvements. |
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|
Term
| Collaborative engineering |
|
Definition
| allows an organization to reduce the cost and time required during the design process of a product |
|
|
Term
| Seven Principles of Supply Chain Management |
|
Definition
1. Segment customers based on service needs.
2. Customize the logistics network.
3. Listen to signals of market demand and plan accordingly.
4. Differentiate product closer to the customer.
5. Source strategically.
6. Develop a supply chain-wide technolgy strategy.
7. Adopt channel-spanning performance measures. |
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|
