Term
| Nursing research is recognized: |
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Definition
| by its systematic inquiry into phenomena important to nursing |
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Term
| If an experienced nurse looks at a baby you are caring for and suddenly says “that baby is going bad,” that nurse's knowledge probably came from |
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Definition
| nurse’s intuition- (not tradition) |
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Term
| The ability to generalize one's research findings depends upon: |
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Definition
| information being gathered in an unbiased manner from some aspect of the real world |
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Term
| What distinguishes basic research from applied research? |
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Definition
| Years may pass before it can be used in practice |
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Term
| Qualitative research is characterized: |
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Definition
| by participants' perceptions of their experiences |
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Term
| The type of research that focuses on effective results for certain populations is |
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Definition
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Term
| The nurse with a BSN is not expected to be able to participate in research as: |
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Definition
| an independent investigator |
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Term
| Practice-related research experienced an expansion in the: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Research priorities for nursing: |
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Definition
| are identified by a variety of public and private organizations in areas of nursing practice, education, or administration |
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Term
| The researcher is trying to determine if study results support the study hypothesis. The researcher makes this decision through |
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Definition
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Term
| When should a pilot study be conducted? |
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Definition
| Before actual study participants are approached |
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Term
| Compare the “organize the data for analysis” step of the research process with the “analyze the data” step. Determine which of these statements is correct about these two steps in the research process. |
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Definition
| During the “organize the data” step, the researcher should enter data into “dummy tables |
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Term
| What is the primary reason for the variation in the number of steps in the research process that are found in different research textbooks? |
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Definition
| Some research textbook authors combine steps in the research process. |
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Term
| Distinguish between the problem statement and the purpose. |
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Definition
| The problem statement and purpose are often used interchangeably in the literature. |
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Term
| When should a review of the literature be conducted in a quantitative study? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Distinguish between assumptions and hypotheses. |
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Definition
| Assumptions and hypotheses have no relationship to each other |
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Term
| A student asks you to explain the difference between a conceptual definition and an operational definition. You try to explain the difference to the student, by providing an example of an operational definition for depression. Which of the following is an example of an operational definition for depression? |
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Definition
| Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory |
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Term
| Differentiate between study limitations and extraneous variables. |
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Definition
| Study limitations and extraneous variables are synonymous. |
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Term
| Which of the following would be an example of an accessible population for a group of clients who had just been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes? |
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Definition
| The clients of a private endocrinologist in a large southern city who have just recently been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes |
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Term
| Differentiate the purpose of the theoretical framework from the research design in a research study. |
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Definition
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Term
| The researcher wants to conduct a qualitative study on stress experienced by individuals after living through a hurricane. An appropriate study purpose might be |
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Definition
| Describe what it was like when you were in the hurricane. |
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Term
| In qualitative research, the review of the literature is done |
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Definition
| At different times during different types of qualitative studies. |
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Term
| Frequently, sample sizes are small in qualitative studies. One of the primary reasons for these small sample sizes is that the |
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Definition
| researcher is beginning to hear the same types of responses from participants |
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Term
| A focus group is sometimes used to collect data in qualitative research. Which of the following topics would be appropriate for a focus group? |
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Definition
| A discussion of how participants feel about being seen by a nurse practitioner |
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Term
| A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) study is conducted. The researcher is trying to justify this combination of methods. Which of the following statements would most clearly justify a mixed method study? |
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Definition
| The researcher’s ability to obtain reliable data is increased. |
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Term
| Appraise the following study titles and determine which one is probably a qualitative study. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Data analysis in qualitative research begins |
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Definition
| once data collection begins. |
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Term
| Protecting the rights of participants in qualitative research may be even more important than in quantitative research because |
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Definition
| individuals in qualitative studies are more likely to share personal and private information with the researcher than in the case of a quantitative study. |
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Term
| How long does it generally take to collect data in a qualitative study? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Differentiate between reliability and validity in qualitative studies. |
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Definition
| Validity means that the findings reflect reality |
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Term
| Illustrate the role of a participant observer. |
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Definition
| Covert- research observer who interacts with subjects and observes their behavior without subject knowledge. Overt- interacts openly with subject awareness. |
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Term
| Demonstrate one of the reasons that primary sources should be used when reviewing the literature. |
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Definition
| A primary source has been prepared by the researcher(s) who actually conducted the study. |
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Term
| Choose the true statement about the references found on journal article reference lists. |
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Definition
| There are a fairly high percentage of inaccuracies in the reference lists of journal articles. |
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Term
| Which of the following indexes is not available in electronic form? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following databases would be most appropriate for the health care consumer to search on the Internet? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the OLDMEDLINE database? |
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Definition
| Covers older references that are not contained in MEDLINE. |
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Term
| In which of the following journals would you expect to find a primary source for a research study? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where would you locate a reference to a 1948 medical study? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The following electronic resource is not as popular as it was in the 1980s: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How will you determine whether a research study reference is a primary or a secondary source? |
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Definition
| Consider the journal in which the article is published |
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Term
| Appraise the Online Computer Library System (OCLC) |
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Definition
| Listing of books that are held by libraries throughout the world |
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Term
| Illustrate the use of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. |
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Definition
| combines the results of original research and can summarize many studies at once cochrane has 52 review groups such as- breast ca, drugs/alcohol, ms,std |
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Term
| The credibility of nursing as a profession depends upon: |
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Definition
| the existence of a body of knowledge that is distinct from that of other disciplines |
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Term
| A nurse researcher is interested in the behaviors of people who spend time in intensive care unit waiting rooms. No research could be found about this topic in the nursing literature. What kind of study would be appropriate to study this topic? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Differentiate between internal and external validity of research designs. |
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Definition
| As the researcher controls for internal validity, external validity usually decreases. |
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Term
| Which of the following threats to internal validity is most difficult to control? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Differentiate between the pretest–posttest control group design and the nonequivalent control group design. |
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Definition
| In the nonequivalent control group design, subjects are not randomly assigned to groups. |
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Term
| How does a researcher control for the reactive effects of the pretest (also called measurement effect)? |
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Definition
| Use a Solomon four-group design |
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Term
| A correlation coefficient of –0.80 between the number of hours studied for a test and the scores on the test indicates that |
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Definition
| as the number of hours studied decreases, test scores increase. |
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Term
| A researcher is interested in studying child abuse in families where the mother was abused when she was a child. Which of the following designs would be most appropriate to study this phenomenon? |
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Definition
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Term
| When reading a quantitative research report to determine if the design is appropriate, it is most important to read which part of the research article? |
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Definition
| All of the research article |
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Term
| A researcher is studying the use of a new realistic model of the human breast to teach women how to perform breast self-exam (BSE). Six weeks later, the researcher will test the women’s recall of the information taught. Select the situation from those listed below that would concern the researcher most about the validity of her study. |
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Definition
| An actress had to have a mastectomy and made a statement on television that it is important for women to know how to perform BSE. |
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Term
| One of the biggest advantages that a quasi-experimental design has over a true experimental design: |
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Definition
| By conducting research with naturally occurring groups, the “real world” is more closely approximated. |
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Term
| Explain the use of the term “manipulation” in experimental research |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Discriminate between internal validity and external validity. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Illustrate the use of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Illustrate the value of electronic databases. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is quantitative research? |
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Definition
formal, objective, systematic analysis based on collecting and analyzing numerical data
traditional approach to scientific investigation used by many disciplines
based on collecting and analyzing numerical data
forms the basis for EBP |
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Term
| What are the Criteria for a Hypothesis? |
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Definition
1. Written in a declarative sentence
2. Written in the present tense
3. Specifies the population to be studied
4. Reflects the problem statement or the purpose statement
5. Contains all the variables
6. Is empirically testable |
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Term
| What is a Directional Hypothesis? |
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Definition
| Predicts a cause-effect relationship (IV and DV) |
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Term
| What are the Steps in Qualitative Research Process? |
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Definition
1. Identify the phenomenon to study
2. Select the research design
3. Review the Literature
4. Select the sample
5. Gain entry to the research site
6. Protect the rights of participants
7. Collect the data
8. Analyze the data
9. Communicate the study results |
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Term
| What are the guidelines for critiquing LR? |
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Definition
1. Is it comprehensive?
2. Is it concise?
3. Does it flow logically from the purpose?
4. Are the sources relevant?
5. Are sources critically appraised?
6. Are there both classic and current sources?
7. Are paraphrased or quotes used most often?
8. Both supporting and opposing theory and research presented?
9. Are most of the references primary sources?
10. Can it be determined that sources are primary or secondary?
11. All sources sited found on the reference list?
12. Citation errors? |
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Term
| What are the roles of nurses in research? |
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Definition
Principal Investigator (PI)
Member of research team
Identifier of researchable problems
Evaluator of research findings
user of research findings
Patient/client advocate during studies
Subject/participant in studies |
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Term
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Definition
Predicted relationship between two or more variables, i.e. what the researcher expects to find
Written prior to beginning the study
Not wild guesses
Must have a logical rationale
Derived from: personal experience, previous research studies, and theories |
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Term
| What is a Simple Hypothesis? |
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Definition
| A hypothesis with two variables |
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Term
| What is a Dependent Variable? |
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Definition
Observed result
Expected to change when IV is manipulated
Value of DV 'depends' on the value of the IV
The "effect" |
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Term
| What is an Independent Variable? |
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Definition
Variable that is manipulated by the researcher
The "cause" |
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Term
| What is a Research Question? |
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Definition
Used in studies when hypotheses not appropriate: all qualitative research, some types of quantitative research
Broad and general in qualitative studies
Narrow and specific in quantitative studies
Not always explicitly stated |
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Term
| What is Applied (practical) Research |
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Definition
seeks solutions to existing problems
generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice
often done in clinical setting
most nursing research falls into this category |
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Term
| What are the common elements of Qualitative and Quantitative Research? |
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Definition
Select a topic
State the research problem
Justify significance of the research study
Review existing literature on the topic
Design the study
Select subjects/participants
Gather data
Analyze and interpret the results
Develop a written report
Communicate the findings |
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Term
| What is Outcomes research? |
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Definition
| analyze the effectiveness of healthcare services as defined by patient rather than care providers |
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Term
| What is a Null Hypothesis? |
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Definition
States there is no relationship between the variables
Used for statistical analysis |
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Term
| What is a Null Hypothesis? |
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Definition
States there is no relationship between the variables
Used for statistical analysis |
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Term
| What is Nursing Research? |
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Definition
| systematic, objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to nursing identify, test and validate nursing practices prevention and promotion, not just treatment |
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Term
| What is qualitative research? |
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Definition
Subjective analysis of events, people, personal values, feelings, perceptions, experiences, etc.
used to describe life experiences and give them meaning
identify patterns, similarities, and differences in people's attitudes, beliefs, and feelings
origins in social and behavioral sciences
does not contribute to EBP: no standards for judging quality of qualitative studies, does not demonstrate cause-and-effect as in quant studies, and findings cannot be generalized to larger population |
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Term
| What is a Non-directional Hypothesis? |
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Definition
| Predicts variables are related but no cause-effect |
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Term
| What is a Research Hypothesis? |
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Definition
| Predicts a relationship exists among variables |
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Term
| What is Basic (pure) Research |
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Definition
goal is to generate new knowledge
develop, test, and refine theories
often done in lab seeks "knowledge for knowledge's sake" results usually not directly useful in practice |
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Term
| What are the Steps in Quantitative Research Process? |
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Definition
1. Identify the problem
2. Determine the purpose of the study
3. Review the literature
4. Develop a theoretical/conceptual framework
5. Identify the study assumptions
6. Acknowledge the limitations of the study
7. Formulate the hypothesis or research question
8. Define study variables/terms
9. Select the research design
10. Identify the population
11. Select a sample
12. Conduct a pilot study
13. Collect the data
14. Organize the data for analysis
15. Analyze the data
16. Interpret the findings
17. Communicate the findings
18. Utilize the findings |
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Term
| What is a Complex Hypothesis? |
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Definition
| A hypothesis with three or more variables |
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Term
| What is a literature review? |
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Definition
Synthesis of current theoretical and scientific knowledge about a particular problem
Scope: broad enough to allow reader to become familiar with the topic, narrow enough to include only most relevant studies
Primary source: written by person responsible for conducting the research
Secondary source: written by someone who summarizes content from primary sources |
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Term
| What are good online database search strategies? |
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Definition
Select database
Select keywords: words and or phrases, experiment with different search terms
Keep a written search record
Use reference management software |
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Term
| What are the goals of Nursing Research? |
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Definition
Promote EBP
Enhance credibility of nursing profession
Increase accountability for nursing practice
Document cost effectiveness |
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Term
| What are Sources of Nursing Knowledge? |
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Definition
Tradition: "the way we've always done it"
Authority: "that's how we've been told to do it by the boss"
Trial and Error: "we'll try another way until we get it right"
Scientific Research: " it's proven to be the best method through scientific analysis and testing" |
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Term
| The most objective means of obtaining nursing knowledge is through? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In regard to research, the general public: |
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Definition
| has little knowledge about nursing research |
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Term
| Which of the following is true regarding nursing research? |
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Definition
| Many studies have focused on nurses themselves |
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Term
| The major reason for conducting nursing research is to? |
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Definition
| promote evidence based care |
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Term
| Which of the following is generally true regarding the knowledge base for nursing? |
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Definition
| much of the knowledge that has been used by nurses was developed by members of other disciplines |
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Term
| As nurses began to recieve advanced educational preperation and became qualified to conduct research, many of their studies concerned? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first journal devoted primarily to the publication of nursing research was? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nursing leaders have called for research focusing on which of the following topics? |
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Definition
Quality of life
patient safety
living with a chronic illness
end-of-life care |
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Term
| Which agency is the most influsnetial at the present time in funding nursing research? |
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Definition
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Term
| All nurses should be able to? |
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Definition
| Identify researchable problems for nursing research studies. |
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Term
| All authors agree on the following number of steps in conducting quantitative research: |
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Definition
| There is no set number of steps |
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Term
| Which is true considering quantitative research? |
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Definition
| There may be some shifting back and forth between steps |
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Term
| One of the main purposes of conducting a review of the literature before carrying out a research project is to? |
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Definition
| Determine existing knowledge on the topic |
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Term
| Which is true concerning assumptions? |
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Definition
| All studies are based on assumptions |
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Term
| The plan for how a study will be conducted is called the? |
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Definition
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Term
| The small group selected from a larger group to participate in a study is known as the? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what point in the research process should a statistition be consulted intitially? |
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Definition
| early in the research project |
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Term
| A friend asks you to explain the difference between a conceptual definition and an operational definition of anxiety. You help her to understand these concepts by providing her with the following operational definition of anxiety: |
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Definition
| A score above 40 on the Nieswiadomy Anxiety Inventory |
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Term
| The final step of the research process for the researcher is to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following communication mediums is the most efficient means of presenting reseach findings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Qualitative research has been the type of research chosen by most nurse researchers in the past (true or false) |
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Definition
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Term
The researcher exerts tight controls over the research situation in qualitative research (true or false)
CH 4/2 |
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Definition
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|
Term
There has been an increase in the number of qualitative studies in the past few years (true or false)
CH4/3 |
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Definition
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Term
Many nurses are calling for both wualitative and quantitative methods in research (true or false)
CH4/4 |
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Definition
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|
Term
Qualitative researchers are very concerned with the generalizability of their study findings (true or false)
CH4/5 |
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Definition
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|
Term
The numbewr of subjects is generally larger in qualitative research than in quantitative (true or false)
CH4/6 |
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Definition
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|
Term
Qualitative research is less common today than it was 20 years ago (true or false)
CH4/7 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is true when comparing qualitative and quantitative research? |
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Definition
| The amount of data to be analyzed is usually greater in qualitative studies than in quantitative studies |
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Term
| If a researcher were planning a qualitative study, which of teh following data-collection methods do you think would most likely be considered? |
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Definition
| participant observations and semistructured interviews |
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Term
| WHen both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used simultaneously in the same study, this procedure is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the most imprtant reason for conducting a review of the literature before conducting a research study? |
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Definition
| A determination will be made about the existing knowledge in the identified problem area. |
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Term
| primary source for a nursing research study is? |
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Definition
| A description of the study written by the researcher who conducted the study |
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Term
| How can you best determine if primary sources are listed on the reference list of an article? |
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Definition
| The reference list contains articles from research journals. |
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Term
| Most research articles that appear in the journal Nursing Research are examples of? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following databases is available only through a library? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If you wanted to obtain the most comprehensive study results on a particular health care intrervention, you would want to access which of teh following databases? |
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Definition
| Chochrane database of systemic reviews |
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Term
| Which of these indexes does not have an online version? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following sources should be searched for a 1980 article published in the American Journal of Nursing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In conducting a literature review, the readeris least interested in which of the following information about a research study? |
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Definition
| Opinions about the research study |
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|
Term
| Which of the following statements is true about online databases? |
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Definition
| SOme online databases are available to the general public |
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