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Info Systems
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34
Other
Not Applicable
11/29/2013

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Term
Risk Types
Definition
Quality
Technical
User
Scope
Resource
Business
Socio-political
Schedule
Term
Risk Treatment Options
Definition
Avoid
Reduce
Transfer
Accept
Fallback
Share
Term
Stages in a Structured Risk Assessment
(ISO 25010 Product Quality Model)
Definition
1. Functional Suitability
2. Performance Efficiency
3. Compatibility
4. Usability
5. Reliability
6. Security
7. Maintainability
8. Portability
Term
Quality in Use Model
(ISO 25010)
Definition
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Satisfaction (usefulness, trust, pleasure, comfort)
Freedom from Risk (economic risk mitigation, health and safety risk mitigation, environmental risk mitigation)
Context coverage (context completeness, flexibility)
Term
11 Project Governance Principles
Definition
1. Responsibility
2. Roles, responsibilities and performance criteria clearly defined
3. Methods and controls applied throughout the project life-cycle
4. Project should be aligned to the corporate strategy
5. Have an approved plan showing authorisation points
6. Effective delegation with sufficient representation, competence and authority
7. Business case supported by relevant and realistic information
8. Independent authorised scrutiny
9. Clearly defined criteria for reporting project status
10. Culture of improvement
11. Project stakeholders fill appropriate roles
Term
Types of Project Assurance
Definition
Business Assurance - the project remains viable in terms of costs and benefits
User Assurance - checking that the users' requirements are being met
Technical Assurance - the project is delivering a suitable solution
Term
Blooms Taxonomy (Pyramid - bottom to top)
Definition
Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Term
The Ladder of Inference (bottom to top)
Definition
Select Data
Assumptions
Conclusions
Beliefs
Action
Term
What is a system?
Definition
A 'thing' that maintains its existence and functions as a whole through the interactions of its parts
Term
Four Levels of Operating
(Systems Thinking)
Definition
Events/structure/feedback
Behaviour over time
System as the whole
Mental models
Term
Common Modes of Behaviour
Definition
Exponential Growth
Goal Seeking
S-Shaped Growth
Oscillation
Growth with Overshoot
Overshoot and Collapse
Term
Reasons for Complex Systems
Definition
Unexpected behaviours
Unexpected responses to interventions
New forms of failure
Changing (in unobvious ways)
Term
Types of Machine Learning
Definition
Expert Systems
Case Based Reasoning
Genetic Algorithms
Swarm Intelligence
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
Term
Two Classes of Machine Learning
Definition
Neat AI - uses logical and formal representation of knowledge (explicit)
Scruffy AI - "only" attempts to replicate the results without insight into the process
Term
Expert Systems
Definition
Neat AI
Knowledge is extracted from databases and through interviews with experts
Expressed in rules, inference rules built into system
Term
Problems with Expert Systems
Definition
Not creative, limited to the knowledge in the system
Errors and omissions will lead to incorrect solution
Cannot adapt to changing circumstances
Term
Case Based Reasoning (+ Process & Criticism)
Definition
Rules are not explicit, instead samples are presented
Process
-Retrieve relevant cases from storage
-Attempt to map the solution from the previous case to the new problem
-Test the new solution
-Store the new case
Criticism: cases are anecdotal evidence
Term
Genetic Algorithms
Definition
Scruffy AI
Algorithm:
-Create new generation of individuals using mutation and crossover operators
-Individuals compete
-Survivors (different rules) are used as the parent generation
-Continues until some condition is met
Term
Swarm Intelligence
Definition
Models the search process
Agents are defined (like individuals) and rules define how these individuals interact
Term
Advantages and Disadvantages of ANNs
Definition
Advantages:
-Work well with large sets of noisy data
-Simple to use
-Does not impose any structure on the data
-Can learn and adapt
-Well suited to complicated problems

Disadvantages:
-No rule discovery, only solutions
-Can take a long time to converge
-Difficulty of local minima - curvefitting
-Effect of parameter settings on results can be difficult to quantify
Term
Types of ANN Application Areas
Definition
Optimisation: job scheduling, efficient routing
Classification: pattern matching, credit scoring
Time Series Forecasting: demand curves, electrical power loads, weather prediction
Term
Five Moral Dimensions of the Digital Age
Definition
1. Information rights and obligations
2. Property rights and obligations
3. Accountability and control
4. System quality
5. Quality of life
Term
Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues
Definition
Doubling of computer power
Rapidly declining data storage costs
Networking advances and the internet
Advances in data analysis techniques (profiling; NORA)
Mobile device growth
Term
Basic Concepts for Ethical Analysis
Definition
Responsibility
Accountability
Liability
Due Process
Term
Five Step Ethical Analysis Process
Definition
1. Identify and clearly describe the facts
2. Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved
3. Identify the stakeholder
4. Identify the options that you can reasonably take
5. Identify the potential consequences of your options
Term
Candidate Ethical Principles
Definition
Golden Rule – do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative – if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone
Descartes’ Rule of Change – if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all
Utilitarian Principle – take the action that achieves the higher or greater value
Risk Aversion Principle – take the action that produces the least harm or potential cost
Ethical “No Free Lunch” Rule – assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone unless there is a specific declaration otherwise
Term
The Post-Digital Era
Definition
CIOs will be front and centre
Going mobile
Social re-engineering
Prominence of Design
IPv6
Term
Four Forces of mobile
Definition
Convergence
Ubiquity
Transparency
Extending Reality
Term
Social Re-Engineering
Definition
Finding the best mix for the company and the individual of the way work is done
The digital era enables work to be done in a variety of ways
Term
Stocks and Flows
Definition
Characterise the system - provide basis for action
Provide inertia and memory
Sources of delays
Decouple flow rates: create disequilibrium
Term
Types of Artificial Intelligence
Definition
Neat AI - uses logical and formal representation of knowledge (explicit)
Scruffy AI - only attempts to replicate the results without insight into the process
Term
Opportunities and Weaknesses of MOOCs
Definition
Opportunities:
-Challenging the professor profession
-Bringing education to the world
Weaknesses:
-Expensive to produce
-Gap between promise and practice
Term
Factors of Success for Small Projects
Definition
Executive management support
User involvement
Optimisation
Skilled resources
Project management expertise
Agile business
Clear business objectives
Emotional maturity
Execution
Tools and infrastructure
Term
Double Loop Learning
Definition
Cyclical process of applying a new strategy to achieve an expected or desired outcome and then re-evaluating or reframing the goals and processes looking at consequences from a wider perspective
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