Term
|
Definition
primary immunoglobin
-present in the second exposure
--anaphylaxis rxn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allergies in small quantities |
|
|
Term
hypersensitivity RXN
type 1 |
|
Definition
allergic response
-requires repeated exposure!
-mast cell release: histimine, leukotrines, platelet activating and prostaglandins
-local: common allergy
-systemic: anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
hypersensitivity RXN
type 1 Sx |
|
Definition
skin: hives, urticaria
cardio: capillary dilation, increased vas permi (red and swollen)
pulmonary: bronchoconst
GI: sm muscle contraction and edema of mucose (cramps, n and diarrhea). |
|
|
Term
hypersensitivity RXN
type one
Priority |
|
Definition
protect that airway!: calm them and sit them up in bed
-albuterol, pulse ox, vs, antihistimine and epinepherine
Assess: does just dephenhydro work? can they talk? |
|
|
Term
hypersensitivity RXN
treatment
epinepherine |
|
Definition
stimulates A and B receptors
-inc HR, BP and CO
-bronchodilation and dec in hist |
|
|
Term
hypersensitivity RXN
treatment |
|
Definition
epinepherine
antihistimnes
glucocorticoid
beta 2 antagnoist
t lymphocyte suppression: ie CSA |
|
|
Term
hypersensitivity RXN
Type 2 |
|
Definition
cytotoxic
-transfusion, drug induced anemia
ie PCN. quinine and sulfs |
|
|
Term
hypersensitivity RXN
Type 3 |
|
Definition
immune mediated
-IgG and IgM
-transplant rejection
-SLD and glomu nehpritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
delayed
-t cells and tissue destruction
graft v host and host v graft
match tissues!!! |
|
|
Term
DM type one
pathos and Sx |
|
Definition
triggered by viral autoimmune response against insulin
-insulin depleted by antibodies
Sx: hypergly (DKA), wt loss r/t ptn catabolism and dec h20
polys: uria (inc pee), dipsea (thirst) and phagia (hunger) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glucose control: insulin, diet and excercise
-diet: brown rice, whole grains, fruits and veggies balance
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
education on carb counting and exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chronic inflammatory process: mucosal edema, secreation and airway inflammation (both out to in and in to out)
-IgE mediated: isolate triggers
-S/e: nasal flaring, pursed lip breathing, tripod, accessory muscles and wheeze |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IMPAIRED GAS EXCHANGE r/t impaired breathing pattern sec to asthma
ineffective breathing pattern
ineffective airway clearence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OPEN airway!! tripod
administer oxygen
in through nose and out with pursed lips |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
genetic link
onset post bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
causes inflammation, thickening, congestion and
edema through sm lacerations causing ABSCESSES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue becomes inflamed and collections of lymphocytes are found through out mucosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pain-abdominal pain: groping (moves)
diarrhea- r/t dec absorption r/t inflammation rapid cramping
imbalanced nutrition- fat, folic acid, iron, calcium, and vit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eat fiber, BRAT, and hydration
avoid fruits, less sugar less veggies??
opioids for pain to slow GI motility
fluid and electrolyte replacement
nutritional support to avoid anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pain: morphine
inflammation: glucocorticoids, block prostaglandins and immune response
watch out for opportunistic GI issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
immune mediated demyelinating disease of the brain
onset 20-40 yrs
in response to infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
universal fatigue
weakness or tingling sensation
vision loss
incoordination: intention tremor
bladder and bowel dysfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fatigue
impaired physical mobility: fall risk
impaired elimination control
depression |
|
|
Term
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
background |
|
Definition
common demyelinating neuropathy
causes: viral and bacterial infection, surgery, vaccination
-- campylobacter jejuni!
immune mediated response of IgG and cell mediated |
|
|
Term
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
SX |
|
Definition
appear 1-3 wks post infection
ascending bilateral weakness (toes--up)
4 wks to diaphragm 10 wks max injury
2-48 wks recovery |
|
|
Term
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
POC |
|
Definition
ineffective breathing pattern
impaired mobility and activity intolerance
altered neurological function
nutritional deficit
anxiety and fear |
|
|
Term
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
interventions |
|
Definition
monitor neuro deficits
oxygen and mechanical vent
--VAP bundle
passive ROM
BB and other anti hypertensives
IVIG? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hyperthyroidism
IgG mediated antibody attaches to and activates TSH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hypermetabolism (wt loss)
goiter
increased HR, CO, SV and BP
malnutrition
hyperactivity
exophthalmos:bulging eyes |
|
|
Term
Graves Disease
POC
and interventions |
|
Definition
altered cardiovascular function
imbalanced nutrition
BB
propylthiouracil (PTU) |
|
|
Term
Graves Disease
thyroid storm |
|
Definition
high fever but feel cold-- blankets and clear sweat
severe tachy, a fib
delirium
dehydration: saline bolus |
|
|
Term
Addison's Disease
background |
|
Definition
most cases are autoimmune ie HIV pts
adrenal insufficiency: destruction of glands
--dec aldosterone, dec cortisol and androgens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low glucose!
acute pain: legs back or abdomen
dec LOC
dec BP and u/o |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluid imbalance: fluid bolus
electrolyte imbalance: kayexalate (hyperKalemia)
Glucose control: IV dextrose
administer hydrocortisone or dexmethasone
vassopressors if needed |
|
|
Term
immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP)
background |
|
Definition
thrombocytopenic disorder
antibodies destroy circulating platelets
normal platelet life: 8-10 days
ITP platelet life: 1-3 days |
|
|
Term
immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP)
sx |
|
Definition
plts < 100,000
petechiae
ecchymosis
epistaxis
gums bleed
heavy menstruation |
|
|
Term
immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP)
POC and interventions |
|
Definition
risk for injury: bleed
interventions:
-cortocosteroids
-splenectomy
-immunosuppression
-IV IgG
-possible platelet transfusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unfractionated heparin.. post op and cardio pts usually
dec plts and thrombi formation!
5-14 days post heparin therapy initiation
plts: 50-80,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DC: heparin
start new anticoagulant
thrombin inhibitors: argatroban |
|
|
Term
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
bkground |
|
Definition
systemic and chronic autoimmune
symmetrical erosive inflammation of joints
thickening of synovial lining and inc vasculatiry
early morning stiffness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
superficial heat: inc blood flow
dec pain and inflammation
--NSAIDS
--DMARDS- hydroxychloroquine
--prednisone
PROSORBA: binds to IgG |
|
|
Term
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
background |
|
Definition
multisystem, inflammatory disorder with scaring
connective tissues, blood vessels and mucosis memb |
|
|
Term
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Sx |
|
Definition
skin lesions: butterfly rash on face, erythematous
bone marrow suppression: thrombocyto, leukopenia ect
painful and swollen joints
glomerulonephritis (red urine from hemolytic anemia)
neuropathies |
|
|
Term
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Rx |
|
Definition
ASA, NSAIDS
glucocorticosteroids
immunosuppressants: methyltrexate
Dapsone- anti leprosy for skin effects
IV IgG- for thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
management |
|
Definition
infection risk
ARF risk
Sz risk
maintain skin integrity and mobility |
|
|
