Term
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Definition
| immediate and early response to injury, short duration, and characterized by exudation of fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| Main cell type of acute inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| longer duration; cells include lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, blood vessels, and CT |
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Term
Lymphocytes
Plasma Cells
Macrophages
Blood Vessels
CT |
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Definition
| 5 characteristics of chronic inflammatio (CELLS included) |
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Term
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Definition
| protein rich fluid found in acute inflammation; contains cellular debris and has high specific gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrafiltrate of blood plasma results from hydrostatic imbalance across vascular endothelium; protein and specific gravity are low |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of fluid, interstitial tissue, or in serous cavities |
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Term
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Definition
| accumulation of excess fluid in body cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| purulent exudate; it contains leukocytes, cell debris, bacteria, and lysosomal enzymes |
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Term
| Heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function |
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Definition
| 5 signs of acute inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st step in inflammation is vasoconstriction of |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| flare (acute inflammation) |
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Definition
| clinical term reflecting heat and erythema |
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Term
| increase concentration of RBCs after protein permeats out of the venules. Increases viscosity |
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Definition
| slowing of circulation caused by |
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Term
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Definition
| Leukocytes migrate through the blood vessel wall into interstital tissue |
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Term
| increased vascular permeability with escape of plasma proteins |
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Definition
| Hallmark of acute inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in vascular permeability occurs predominatly in the... |
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Term
| histamine, bradykinin, leukotrienes, and substance P(only venules) |
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Definition
| Chemical mediators of formation of endothelial gaps |
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Term
| short lived (15-30 minutes) |
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Definition
| endothelial gap formation time frame |
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Term
1. Formation of Gaps in venules
2. Cytoskeletal reorganization (cytokine mediators)
3. Direct endothelial injury (necrosis/detachment)
4. Leukocyte mediated endothelial injury
5. Leakage of regeneratiing capillaries (angiogenesis) |
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Definition
| 5 mechanisms of endothelial permeabilty |
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Term
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Definition
| white cells are displaced towards the periphery |
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Term
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Definition
| endothelium lined by white cells |
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Term
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Definition
| What slows rolling of WBC's |
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Term
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Definition
| Selectin found on epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| Selectin found on endothelium and platelets |
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Term
| Immunoglobulins (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) + Integrins (LFA-1, MAC-1, VLA-4) |
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Definition
| Causes tight binding or adhesion |
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Term
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Definition
| where Transmigration occurs |
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Term
| C5a, LTB4, bacteria products |
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Definition
| Neutrophil chemotactic factors |
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Term
| C5a, LTB4, neutrophil proteins, lymphokines, and fragments of collagen and fibronectin |
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Definition
| Monocyte chemotactic factors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Bacilli causing tuberculosis and leprosy |
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Definition
| Organism which rmain viable within phagocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Main source of vascular mediators |
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Term
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Definition
| Main mediator produced by Kinins generation |
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Term
coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic system
kinin generation
complement system |
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Definition
| 3 major enzyme cascades which are plasma derived |
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Term
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Definition
| results in lysis of microbe through MAC, phagocytosis of microbe, or assists in destruction |
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Term
Classical
Mannose-binding lectin
Alternative |
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Definition
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Term
| protanoids, cytokines (TNF alpha and IL) and NO |
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Definition
| Kinins stimulate local tissue and inflammatory cells to generate (3) |
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Term
Platelets
PMN's
basophils
Monocytes/Macrophages
Mast cells
endothelial cells,
injured tissue |
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Definition
| Sources of cell derived mediators |
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Term
| Phospholipids, arachidonic acid, stored cytoplasmic granules (histamine and serotonin), altered normal regulators (NO) |
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Definition
| mediators are derived from the metabolism of: |
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Term
| PAF (platelet activating factor) |
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Definition
| stimulate platelet aggregation, chemotaxis, vasodilation |
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Term
| Prostanoids: prostaglandins, thromboxane, and protacycline |
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Definition
| Active lipids derived from COX |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulate muscle contraction and enhance vascular permeability |
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Term
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Definition
| Vasodilation, inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis, stimulate monocyte adhesion. From LOX |
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Term
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Definition
| Main interleukins produced by Macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
| chemokine produced in response to bacterial toxins and inflammatory cytokines |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemokine direct trafficking and homing of lymphocytes and dentritic cells to lymphoid tissue during immune response |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Anaphylatoxins, Vasoactive Amines, Bradykinin, leukotrienes, PAF |
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Definition
| Increase Vascular Permeability |
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Term
| LTB4, anaphylatoxin, IL-8 |
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Definition
| Leukocyte Activation, and chemotaxis |
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Term
| Bradykinin, Prostaglandins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygen radicals, lysosomal enzymes, and NO |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1st cell during inflammation, phagocytose bacteria, inflammation due to collateral damage |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain histamine, heparin, and SRS-A. Involved in Type I and IV hypersensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| Allergy and parasitic infestations |
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Term
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Definition
| Connective tissue cells which have histamine, heparin and SRS-1 |
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Term
| reticul-endothelial system |
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Definition
| Monocytes and Macrophages belong to what system |
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Term
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Definition
| process of macrophage ingulfing soluble molecules |
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Term
INF alpha
prostaglandins
fibroblast proliferating factor- healing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| retrogression of acute inflammatory response and the area return to its previous normal appearance and function. Example is a paper cut |
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Term
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Definition
| too much tissue distruction or when inflammation occurs in tissues which do not regenerate or when there is abundant exudation |
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Term
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Definition
| breakdown of tissue resulting in an abscess, ulcer, or empyema |
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Term
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Definition
| fibroblastic proliferation with small blood vessels forming.. |
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Term
| Granulomatous inflammation |
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Definition
| a subtype of chronic inflammation characterized by granulomas |
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Term
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Definition
| are aggregate of epithelioid cells (modified macrophages) |
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Term
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Definition
| Most pivotal cell in chronic inflammation during syphilis |
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Term
Multinucleate Giant Cells
1. Langhans giant cell- periphery
2. foreign body giant- scattered |
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Definition
| Formed by the fusion of epithelioid cells and the two different types |
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Term
TB, sarcoidosis, leprosy, fungal infections, and foreign material
TB and can not be digested due to its large lipid coat (myocolic acid) |
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Definition
| Examples of granulomatous inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation in pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities with few cells and less protein. Usually acute inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Exudation with large amounts of protein from plasma and deposition of fibrin forming shaggy strands. Seen in TB pleuritis and rheumatic pericarditis |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the process in which fibrin coagulum is transformed into vascularized CT by ingrowth of fibroblasts and capillaries |
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Term
| Staphlococci termed pyogenic bateria |
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Definition
| Major organism causing suppurative inflamation (pus) |
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Term
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Definition
| a localized collection of pus within the substance of an organ or tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| localized collection of pus within a closed cavity, most commonly in pleural space or gall bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| local defect or excavation with sloughing or shedding of necrotic tissue |
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Term
| catarrhal inflammation: allergy rhinitis, bronchitis |
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Definition
| mucoid fluid from mucous mambranes |
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Term
| Leukocytosis- usually 2 or 3 fold due to IL-1 and TNF alpha. Also induced by colony-stimulating factors produced by macrophages and T-lymphocytes |
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Definition
| increase number of circulating WBC's |
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Term
IL-1
Also: IL-6 and TNF alpha |
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Definition
| Major factor causing a fever |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme elevation 10 fold of WBCs similar to leukemia |
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Term
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Definition
| most commonly seen in bacterial infections and infarction of tissues with increase of Neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
| Associated with viral infections (cell increase) |
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Term
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Definition
| Seen with parasitic or allergic rxns (cell increase) |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in number of circulating WBC's usually from patients with chronic debilitating diseases (cancer), alcoholism, or typhoid fever |
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Term
Regeneration- replacement of same cell type
Replacement of CT- fibrosis |
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Definition
| Two components needed for repair |
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Term
1. Cell Migration- MOST IMPORTANT
2. extracellular matrix organization, reorganization and remodeling
3. Cell proliferation |
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Definition
| 3 cellular mechansisms which are necessary for wound healing |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of leukocytes by broad wavelike membrane extensions |
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Term
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Definition
| fibroblasts (slow moving) extend narrow projections called |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Metalloproteinases (Interstitial collagenases, gelatinases) |
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Definition
| degradation of collagen and other ECM components accomplished by matrix... |
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Term
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Definition
| cell proliferation is evoked by |
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Term
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Definition
| Repair during acute infammation resolved without scarring |
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Term
| sustained- predominant mode of repair in wound healing. |
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Definition
| repair during acute inflammation associated with scar formation and fibrosis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Onset of repair is triggered by appearance of... |
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Term
|
Definition
| temporary extracellular organization of plasma derived matrix proteins (fibrinogen, fibronectin) and tissue derived components that accumulate at site of injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Replaces provisional matrix, consists of fibroblasts, capillaries and inflammatory cells(macrophages and later plasma cells) |
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Term
Primary- Short healing with clinical surgical insicion, no baterial contamination
Secondary- longer time with wound contraction |
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Definition
| Difference between Primary and Secondary Healing |
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Term
| Exuberant granulation (proud flesh) |
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Definition
| Formation of excessive amounts of granulation tissue, protrudes above surrounding skin; blocks reepithilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of excessive amounts of collagen in CT resulting in large protruding scar |
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Term
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Definition
| Wound strength is establish maximum |
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Term
Proliferation of same cell type
intact CT tissue scaffolding. |
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Definition
| Regeneration needs to processes to be successful: |
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Term
| Labile: epithelium of gut, skin, cornea, respiratory tract, reproductive tract, and urinary tract, and hematopoietic cells of bone marrow and lymphoid organs |
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Definition
| Cells with inconstant state of renewal |
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Term
| Stable Cells: liver, kidney, fibroblasts, endocrine, endothelial |
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Definition
| low level repilcation but are capable of rapid division |
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Term
| Permanent Cells: neurons, chondrocytes, cardiac myocytes, cells of lens. |
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Definition
| Terminally differentiated cells and have lost all capacity for regeneration |
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Term
| Vitamin C- scurvy is definiency |
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Definition
| Major nutrition factor important for collagen formation |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition which slows healing time due to impaired vascularity and diminished phagocytic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormones which have a depressent effect on inflammatory and reparative reactions. |
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Term
| EGF epidermal growth factor |
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Definition
| growth factor- mitogenic for keratinocytes and fibroblasts, stimulates granulation tissue formation |
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Term
| TGF-alpha transforming growth factor alpha |
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Definition
| stimulates replication of hepatocytes and epithelial cells |
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Term
| VEGF (vascular endothelial cell growth factor) |
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Definition
| increase vascular permeability, mitogenic for endothelial cells |
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Term
| PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) |
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Definition
| chemotactic for PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells, activates, macrophages and fibroblasts; mitogenic for fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells; stimulates angiogenesis and wound contraction; remodeling; inhibits platelet aggregation; regulates inegrin expression |
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Term
| FGF (fibroblastic growth factor) |
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Definition
| Growth factor: chemotactic for fibroblast, mitogenic for fibroblast and keratinocytes; stimulates angiogenesis and wound contraction, and matrix deposition. |
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Term
| TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta) |
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Definition
| growth factor: chemotacti for PMNs, lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells; stimulates angiogenesis and fibroplasia |
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Term
|
Definition
| growth factor: stimulates keratinocyte migration, proliferation, and differentiation |
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