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Inflammation PBD Liu Fall 2011
Inflammation
38
Science
Graduate
09/14/2011

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Cards

Term
Inflammation: Reaction to _______ tissue to injury. Recruitment of leukocytes in the blood to the site of injury in teh tissue. Serves to ___ the extent of injury and remove injury-causing agent and damaged cells.
Definition
Vascularized;limit
Term
Microglia-mediated inflammation in the brain
Definition
Resident microglia in the brain tissue response to neuronal injury. This results in chronic inflammation found in parkinsons and alzheimers
Term
Rubor ( )
Tumor ( )
cator ( )
Dolor ( )
Definition
redness, swelling, heat, pain
Term
Triggers to acute inflammation
Definition
Infection agents, tissue damage, apoptosis
Term
True/False: Acute inflammation speed is slow. Duration is weeks - months
Definition
False; immediate, minutes to days
Term
Mediators of vasodilation
Definition
Histamine and NO
Term
Mediators of permeability
Definition
Bradykinin, histamine, leukotrienes
Term
Difference between vasodilation and increase permeability
Definition
Vasodilation starts in arterioles then venules which lead to opening of capillaries (causing heat and redness). Permeability causes retraction of endothelial cells in venules to form gaps for exudate. Exudate increases RBC, WBC, platelets, and clotting factors leading to slowed flow and blood clotting
Term
Purposes of exudate and fluid outflow
Definition
Deliver antibodies to neutralize microbes, deliver complement, dilute injurious agents, induce clotting
Term
True/False: Immediate transient response in acute inflammation occur in arterioles, venules, and capillaries.
Definition
False, only venules
Term
Immediate sustained reponse in acute inflammation (direct damage to endothelium) involve what vessels?
Definition
arterioles, venules, and capillaries.
Term
T/F. Radiation (sunburn) is an example of delayed hemodynamic response.
Definition
true
Term
T/F. Macrophages and neutrophils at injury site release chemoattractant factors into the bloodstream.
Definition
False, macrophages and mast cells
Term
Integrins and CAMs establish firm adhesion to endothelium for what granulocyte?
Definition
neutrophils
Term
Phagocytosis uses what target identifiers?
Definition
PRR, PS receptor (TIM4) for apoptotic cells, c3b or Fc receptor
Term
Two local manifestations of acute inflammation
Definition
Pus and abscess
Term
What is abscess formation?
Definition
fibroblast form a wall around the pus and encloses it
Term
Ulceration
Definition
local inflammation associated with damaged/necrotic epithelium (peptic ulcer) or damaged/necrotic vasculature
Term
Causes of Chronic Inflammation
Definition
Recurrent/progressive acute infl, inflammation failed to evoke an acute response, tissue injury, cell death, macrophage_lymphocyte infiltration compared to just neutrophil infiltration, fibroblast proliferation instead of exudate formation
Term
Two causes that are nonspecific chronic causes of inflammation
Definition
macrophage_lymphocyte infiltration compared to just neutrophil infiltration, fibroblast proliferation instead of exudate formation
Term
Granulomatos Inflammation
Definition
Infections caused by hard to digest suture, silica, asbestos. Leads to syphilis, deep fungal infections
Term
Cytokines involved in acute phase response
Definition
IL 1b, IL 6, TNFa which cause a series of changes impacting organs
Term
True/False: During acute phase response, there's a decrease in liver production of CRP, SAA (serum amyloid protein, fibrinogen
Definition
False, increase
Term
Function of CRP
Definition
Binds to C polypeptide of pneumococci and tag them for phagocytosis
Term
SAA function
Definition
Displaces apolipoprotein A in HDL to facilitate transfer of HDL from liver to macrophage for energy
Term
What is used to convert fibrinogen to fibrin?
Definition
Thrombin
Term
Alteration of WBCs during inflammation
Definition
inc 4k-10k to 15l-20k ul
inc release from bone marrow
Immature "band" neutrophils can show up in blood
Leukopenia (dec in #)
eosinphilia
Term
In inflammation, does viruses increase neutrophils in blood or decrease?
Definition
Viruses decrease, bacteria inc
Term
Fever elevates temp to
Definition
make immune cells more efficient
inc. leukocyte mobility
inc t cell proliferation
impair virus replication
reduce Fe
Term
What fever temperature induces brain damage?
Definition
107.6 (42 C)
Term
During Fever, IL 1b, IL 6, TNFa released from immune cells to stimulate PGE2. What does PGE2 do?
Definition
Interacts with temperature control center in hypothalamus to increase heat generation through increase muscle tone and shivering. Decreases heat loss through vasoconstriction
Term
Inflammation mediators are found the most in which tissue?
Definition
connective
Term
Histamine is found in which cells?
Definition
Mast cells, platelets, basophils (stored in granules and released during inflammation
Term
Histamine receptor H1 causes what?
Definition
bronchoconstriction; also causes induces synthesis of NO and PGI2 causing arteriole vasodilation and causing increased permeability
Term
Histamine receptor H2
Definition
Increased gastric acid secretion
Term
Histamine receptor H3
Definition
brain regulating neurotransmitter release
Term
Histamine receptor H4
Definition
in bone barrow regulating chemotaxis
Term
Arachidonic Acid which is generated from membrane lipids, can be converted to what?
Definition
Prostaglandin h2 (PGH2), PGI2 and leukotrienes
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