Term
| T/F Your tissues do not attempt to repair themselves until chronic inflammation has resolved. |
|
Definition
| False, attempts at repair occur during chronic inflammation |
|
|
Term
| T/F Acute inflammation can be characterized by vascular changes and edema. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the morphology of chronic inflammation. |
|
Definition
| infiltration by mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells), tissue destruction, and attempts at healing (via angiogenesis and fibrosis) |
|
|
Term
| What are common causes of chronic inflammation? |
|
Definition
| persistent infections, immune mediated inflammatory diseases, and prolonged exposure to toxic agents |
|
|
Term
| T/F Plasma lipids are an exogenous toxic agent. |
|
Definition
| False, they are endogenous |
|
|
Term
| Tissue macrophages arise in bone marrow via the ________ system. |
|
Definition
| mononuclear phagocytic or reticuloendothelial |
|
|
Term
| What is the half life of a monocyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the half life of a tissue macrophage? |
|
Definition
| can be between months and years |
|
|
Term
| Tissue macrophages in the liver are called _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissue macrophages of the lymph nodes are called ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissue macrophages of the lungs are called ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissue macrophages of the CNS are called ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the secretory products of macrophages taht help to degrade the extracellullar matrix? |
|
Definition
| collagenases and proteases |
|
|
Term
| What growth factors do macrophages secrete? What do those growth factors do? |
|
Definition
PDGF, FGF, TGFb
fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis |
|
|
Term
| What cell is responsible for the tissue destruction that is the hallmark of chronic inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Macrophages secrete fibrogenic and angiogenic cytokines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to macrophages once they are no longer needed (i.e. when the tissue has healed)? |
|
Definition
| they either die or return via lymphatics to lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| How do more and more macrophages end up in the tissue during chronic inflammation? |
|
Definition
| continous recruitment from the circulation and local proliferation at the site of inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What tyep of WBC migrates to injured tissue via selectins, integrins, ligands, and chemokines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cytokines do activated macrophages secrete to promote leukocyte recruitment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cytokines do T cells use to recruit macrophages and neutrophils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cytokines do T cells secrete to activate macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activated amcrophages promote inflammation via what cytokines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do activated macrophages stimulate T cells? |
|
Definition
| cytokines like IL-12 and antigen presentation |
|
|
Term
| T/F It is sometimes normal for B cell sto produce antibodies against ones own cells. |
|
Definition
| True, if your cells are injured, they express altered tissue components and B cells will produce antibodies against those. |
|
|
Term
| What cationic protein is present in eosinophil granules? What does the protein do? |
|
Definition
| Major Basic Protein which is toxic to parasites and human cells |
|
|
Term
| Where are mast cells found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do mast cells play a role in anaphylactic shock? |
|
Definition
| The Fc portion of IgE can bind to receptors on mast cells causing release of histamine and prostaglandin |
|
|
Term
| T/F Mast cells are only present in acute inflammation such as anaphylactic shock. |
|
Definition
| False, they are also present in chronic inflammation and are responsible for relasing numerous cytokines |
|
|
Term
| T/F Persistent inflammations such as osteomyelitis, chronic irritants, and peptic ulcers have neutrophils. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of inflammation is commonly associated with the following diseases: Leprosy/Hansen disease (acid fast bacillus), cat-scratch disease (gram negative bacillus), lymphogranuloma inguinale (C. trachomatis), brucellosis (gram negative zoonosis brucella spp), syphilis (spirochete), fungi, sarcoidosis, crohn disease, endogenous substances, foreign substances |
|
Definition
| granulomatous inflammation |
|
|
Term
| A ruptured EIC filled with keratin can cause what type of inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Foreign substances such as talc, suture, silicone, and beryllium can cause granulomatous inflammation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do bacterial products cause fever? |
|
Definition
| bacterial products cause leukocytes to secrete cytokines (like TNF and IL-1) which cause conversion of AA to prostaglandins which causes increased NTs (like cAMP) to reset the hypothalamus thermostate |
|
|
Term
| T/F NSAIDS inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What acute phase proteins are upregulated by IL-6? |
|
Definition
| C-reactive protein and fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
| Serum amyloid A is an acute phase protein upregulated by which cytokines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name four acute phase proteins. |
|
Definition
| CRP, fibrinogen, SAA, and hepcidin |
|
|
Term
| Which acute phase response proteins bind to microbial cell walls to act as opsonins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F A decreased sed rate indicates a greaters risk for MI. |
|
Definition
| False, an INCREASED sed rate indicates high fibrinogen and higher MI risk |
|
|
Term
| An increase in hepcidin causes... |
|
Definition
| reduced iron availability and anemia |
|
|
Term
| What total WBC count is indicative of bacterial infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you call a WBC more than 100,000 with immature forms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neutrophilia indicates... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytosis indicates .... |
|
Definition
| viral infection (mumps, measles, mononucleosis) |
|
|
Term
| Eosinophilia indicates... |
|
Definition
| asthma, allergies, parasites |
|
|
Term
| Acute phase response effect on pulse and blood pressure. |
|
Definition
| increased pulse and blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| Leukopenia despite infection can present in patients with... |
|
Definition
| disseminated cancer, overwhelming infection, rampant TB, severe alcoholics, elderly, typhoid fever, some protozoal infections, some viral infections, rickettsia |
|
|
Term
| What do you call a lack of reaction by the body's defense mechanisms to foreign substances? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are primary immunodeficiencies grouped? |
|
Definition
| by the part of the immune system that is malfunctioning, such as lymphocytes or granulocytes |
|
|
Term
| T/F Medications can cause an acquired immunodeficiency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F cardiovascular disease can be due to excessive inflammation |
|
Definition
|
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