Term
| Body's first line of defense to infection |
|
Definition
Barriers: stop pathogens before they enter environment
- Skin
- Mucus
- Saliva
- Gastric secretion
- Flushing action of tears/urine |
|
|
Term
| Body's second line of defense to infection |
|
Definition
Inflammatory response: kill pathogens after they enter body
- Vasodilation
- Increased capillary permeability
- WBCs |
|
|
Term
| Cell and vascular responses leading to S/S of inflammation |
|
Definition
- Vasodilation in affected area
- Increased capillary permeability
- Fluid goes from intravascular space to extracellular space
- WBCs (esp neutrophils) increase in #
- Inflammatory exudate (purulent drainage)
- Tissue repair |
|
|
Term
| Signs and symptoms of localized inflammation |
|
Definition
Redness
Swelling (edema)
Warmth
Pain |
|
|
Term
| Sighs and symptoms of systemic infection |
|
Definition
Fever (above 100.4)
Elevated heart rate (>90)
Elevated resp rate (>20)
WBC <4000, >12000 |
|
|
Term
| SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) |
|
Definition
When infectious microbes enter bloodstream and increase in number. Occurs as result of escaping local control
2 or more signs = SIRS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Invasion and multiplication of microbs in body tissue that causes local cellular injury |
|
|
Term
| The 3 divisions of immune response |
|
Definition
Inflammation
Antibody mediated
Cell mediated
All 3 are necessary for complete immunity |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation vs. infection |
|
Definition
| Infection is usually accompanied by inflammation, but inflammation can occur without infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shift to the left (or elevation) indicates infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MRSA
VRE
MDR-TB/XDR-TB
Acinetobacter
C. diff |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host |
|
|
Term
| Contagious (communicable) vs. infectious |
|
Definition
| Every contagious disease is infectious, but all infectious diseases are not contagious |
|
|
Term
| Colonization vs. infection |
|
Definition
| Colonization: presence and growth of microbes with a host but without causing symptomatic disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CAUTI: catheter-acquired UTIs
CLABSI: central line associated blood stream infection
VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia
SSI: surgical site infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures
- Invasive medical devices
- Decreased immune response
- Exposure to pathogen (poor hand hygiene)
- Age: very old, very young |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- For diseases spread by contact with blood/body fluids or via contaminated equipment or surfaces
- Gloves and gowns
- Dedicated equipment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must wash hands with soap and water (spores not killed by alcohol) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Infection spread by close respiratory secretions
- Mask, gown and goggles for suctioning
- Private room if possible
- Pt wears mask
- Influenza, meningitis, pertussis, rhinovirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Infection can be spread over long distances bc particles remain suspended in air
- N95 mark or respirator, stand 3 feet away
- Negative pressure room
- TB, chickenpox, measles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pt is at high risk of getting disease from others
- Educate visitors
- No plants or cut flowers in room
- Keep room very clean
- No rectal temp or meds
- Dedicated equipment
- Pt wears mask outside of room |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Technique to keep pt free from exposure to infection-causing pathogens to minimize onset and spread of disease
- Hand hygiene, barrier technique, environmental cleaning |
|
|
