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Inflammation/Immune Response
CH. 19
41
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
11/20/2011

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Term
Immunocompetent
Definition
When all the parts of inflammation and immunity are working properly.
Term
Self-Tolarance
Definition
Recognition of self from non-self
Term
Antigens
Definition
protein capable of Stimulating and immune response.
Term
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs)
Definition
The unique universal product code for each individual, Present in almost all body tissue they can serve as antigens when it enters another persons body. (determine tissue type)
Term
Stem Cells
Definition
immature, undifferentiated cells
Term
Pluripotent
Definition
Means the cells had more than one potential outcome of becoming different kinds.
Term
Left Shift
Definition
(Bandemia) When more bands are in the blood stream than more mature neutrophils.
Term
Macropages
Definition
Start out as monocytes which mature in body tissue and usually stay there but some can float around. Important for inflammatory response and AMI and CMI. Have longer life spans and recharge. Longer fighting effects.
Term
Basophils
Definition
Cause the manifestation of inflammation
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
Act against infestations and parasitic larvae, can also induce inflammation. (worms, wheezes and weird diseases)
Term
Phagocytosis
Definition
The engulfing and destruction of invaders and rids the body of debris after injury. Triggered by injury or infection. It recognizes a cell as non-self and engulfs it.
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
Also called granulocytes, when immature called Bands. Short life span of 12-18 hours. Have to be constantly replaced. They are capable of phagocytosis but only once not rechargeable. The higher the number the higher the resistance to infection (ANC). Left shift can indicate that the bone marrow cannot keep up with the infection. Bands no 0 Benefits.
Term
Chemotaxins
Definition
At the time of injury body tissues secrete this to attract neutrophils and macrophages.
Term
Opsonins or Complement
Definition
Coat the target cells so that phagocytes easily attach to them. Signals the antigen to be destroyed (marks man)
Term
Signs of Inflammation:
Definition
Warmth, redness, swelling, pain and decrease function.
Term
Hyperemia
Definition
increase blood flow such as with swelling.
Term
Inflammation Process:
Definition
Leukocytes move in causing redness and warmth, followed by hyperemia and edema due to capillary leak. Edema serves to further protect from injury. Neutrophils then move in an can cause exudate (dead WBC). Bone marrow can the be triggered to produce more or no more neutrophils. Tissue repair then begins.
Term
Antibody-Mediated Immunity (AMI) Or Humoral
Definition
Involves antigen-antibody interactions to neutralize, eliminate or destroy foreign protein. Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes (B-Cells) B-BONE MARROW.
Term
Plasma Cells
Definition
Formed when a B-Cell is sensitized and it divides. The new one is the plasma cell that then begins to produce antibodies for against a specific antigen. Immediately begins to function but has a short life span.
Term
Memory Cell
Definition
Also a product of B-cell division, but does not begin to function until the next exposure to the same antigen.
Term
Agglutination
Definition
Clumping action that results when the antibodies link several antigens together increasing the chances of complement.
Term
Lysis
Definition
Cell membrane destruction, makes holes in the membrane weakening the invader.
Term
Complement activation and fixation
Definition
Activated by IgG and IgM activating the cascade.
Term
Precipitation
Definition
Similar to agglutination on a larger scale so that neutrophils and macrophages can act on them and remove them all at once.
Term
Inactivation/Neutralization
Definition
The process of making antigens harmless without destroying them.
Term
Immunoglobulin
Definition
Globular protein or antibodies that provide immunity also called gamma globulins.
Term
Innate-Native immunity
Definition
Any natural protective feature of a person. Cannot be developed or transferred and its not an adaptive response to re exposure. Ex. SKin, inflammation response.
Term
Adaptive immunity
Definition
The immunity a persons body learns to make or can receive as an adaptive response to any invasion. Ex. AMI
Term
Active Immunity
Definition
A type of adaptive immunity in which the body responds to an antigen by making specific antibodies against it. The body takes an active role in producing the antibodies. Can occur under natural or artificial conditions.
Term
Natural Active immunity
Definition
Antigen enter the body without human assistance and the body responds by making antibodies. Most effective type of immunity and the longest lasting.
Term
Artificial Active immunity
Definition
Vaccination or immunization, can last for several years but occasional boosters are required.
Term
Attenuated
Definition
In vaccination, when An antigen is genetically altered to prevent the full disease but merely antibody production.
Term
Passive Immunity
Definition
When antibodies against an antigen are in a persons body but were not created there, but rather transferred upon being made in another person or animal. Only for short term immunity as they are recognized as non-self and quickly destroyed.
Term
Natural Passive Immunity
Definition
antibodies are transferred from the mother to the fetus via the placenta or the infant through colostrum and breast milk.
Term
Artificial Passive immunity
Definition
Injecting antibodies that were created by another person or animal. They are expected to inactivate the antigen. This is temporary lasting only a few days or weeks.
Term
Cell mediated immunity (CMI)
Definition
Provided by the lymphocyte stem cells that mature in lymphoid tissue and thymus.
Term
Helper/ Inducer T (CD4+ cells)
Definition
The help increase immune function by releasing lymphokines which increase more marrow production of stem cells and speed up maturation. "Calling to arms"
Term
Suppressor T Cells (CD8+ Cells)
Definition
Help regulate CMI, they prevent hypersensitivity (continuous overreaction) when a person is exposed to non-self cell or protein. Prevents formation of antibodies against normal, healthy cells or the development of autoimmune disease. Opposite action of CD4+ Cells.
Term
Cytotoxic/ cytolytic T-cells
Definition
Subset of suppressor cells that destroy cells that contain a processed antigen's MHC, most effective against self cells infected by parasites, such as viruses or protozoa.
Term
Natural Killer CD16+ cells
Definition
Not a true T-cell. They seek and destroy eliminating non-self cells.
Term
Cytokines
Definition
small protein hormones produced by many WBC that act like hormone messengers. They can widespread effects throughout the immune system (pleiotropic).
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