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| C5a, LTB4, PAF, IL-8, Eotaxin (endogenous substances) |
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| common beta chain of 3 beta-2 integrins that helps leukocytes migrate to site of infection -> found in LFA-1 (common on neutros), Mac-1 and p150.95 (common on macros)-> bind to ICAM-1 |
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| molecules that balance the effects of leukotrienes |
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| endothelial cells produce? |
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| monocytes/macrophages produce? |
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| endothelial cells produce? |
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| epithelial cells produce? |
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| inhibits platelet aggregation and mast cell degranulation, relaxes smooth muscles, vasodilator |
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| stimulates platelet aggregation, contracts smooth muscles |
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| smooth muscle relaxation, inhibits mast cell and basophil mediator release, inhibits lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis, immunoregulatory to promote immune suppression, hyperalgesic |
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| bronchoconstrictor, produces facial flushing and nasal congestion |
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| stimulates airway mucus secretion, contraction in uterine, vascular, intestinal and airway smooth muscles |
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| stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion and degranulation |
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| bronchoconstrictors, stimulate airway mucus secretion, increases microvascular permeability, immunosuppressive, stimulate LH & LHRH |
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| releases mediators from mast cells and basophils, neutrophil chemotaxis, stimulate function and proliferation of CD8+ T cells |
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| inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion but stimulate monocyte adhesion, inhibits NK cell toxicity, inverse relationship between the amount of lipoxin and leukotrienes formed (endogenous regulators of LT action) |
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| bronchoconstriction,leukocyte adhesion,chemotaxis, oxidative burst, degranulation, microvascular leakage |
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| PGE1 and PGE2 (in response to pyrogens, which release IL-1 and TNF-alpha -> promote the synthesis and release of PGE |
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| vasodilation by PGE2 and PGI2 and vasoconstriction by TXA2 and PGF2alpha |
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| TXA2 increases platelet aggregation and PGI2 and to some extent PGE1 decreases aggregation |
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| patency of fetal ductus arteriosus is dependent on PGE2 and PGI2 |
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| PGE2 and PGF2alpha (oxytocin-like effect) – 1st and 2nd trimester abortion |
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| PGE2 and PGF2alpha effectively initiate and stimulate labor |
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| due to increased PGE2 and PGF2alpha during menstruation uterine contraction and ischemic pain (treatment – NSAIDs) |
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| LTs from neutrophils and macrophages -> T cell proliferation |
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| Cell-mediated organ transplant rejection |
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| PGE2 and PGI2 prevent T cell proliferation and rejection. Prevention of TXA2 and LTs decreases organ graft rejection |
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| Leukotriene D4 Receptor Antagonists (for asthma) |
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Definition
-Zafirlukast (Accolate)
-Montelukast (Singulair) |
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| 5-LO Inhibitor (inhibition of leukotriene synthesis) |
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Definition
| -A-64077 (Zileuton; Zyflo) |
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| 5-LO Activating Protein (FLAP) Inhibitors |
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Definition
| many compounds still undergoing Phase 2 clinical trials |
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Definition
-innate immunity
-cells produced by -> Macrophages (alpha), and fibroblast (beta)
-function -> anti-viral, antiproliferative, increase MHC class I expression |
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-innate immunity
-cells produced by ->Monocytes/Macrophages
-function -> inflammation, fever, acute phase reactants, catabolism (cachexia), co-stimulator of T & B cells |
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-innate immunity
-cells produced by -> macrophages, ECs -function -> inflammation, fever, acute phase reactants, cachexia |
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-innate immunity
-cells produced by -> Macrophages, ECs, T cell
-function -> costimulator of T & B cells, growth of mature B cells, acute phase reactant |
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-innate immunity
-cells produced by -> Macrophages & T-reg cells
-function -> inhibition of macrophages and activation of B cells; regulation of Th1/Th2 balance |
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-innate immunity
-cells produced by -> Macrophages & dendritic cells
-function -> IFN-gamma synthesis from and cytolytic function of NK cell and T cell |
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-innate immunity
-cells produced by -> Macrophages
-function -> Proliferation of T cells and NK cells |
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-innate immunity
-cells produced by -> Macrophages
-function -> IFN-gamma synthesis by activating NK and T cells |
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| IL-8, Eotaxin, RANTES, lymphotaxin, MCP |
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-specific immunity
-cells produced by -> T cells
-function -> growth and cytokine production from T cells, growth of NK and B cells, Ab synthesis. IL-2 is a major autocrine growth factor for T lymphocytes. |
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-specific immunity
-cells produced by -> T & B cells
-function -> Isotype switching to IgE, growth and differentiation of Th2 cells, increases Fc-epsilon RII expression |
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-specific immunity
-cells produced by -> Tcells
-function -> growth, differentiation, and activation of eosinophils |
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-specific immunity
-cells produced by -> T cells and mononuclear phagocytes
-function -> inhibit activation of T cells and macrophages and inhibits proliferation of T cells |
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-specific immunity
-cells produced by -> T cells and NK cells
-function -> activates NK cells, ECs and macrophages, increase expression of class I and II MHC molecules, increase antigen processing and presentation to T cells, differentiation of naïve Th0 cells to Th1 subset, inhibition of the proliferation of Th2 cells |
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-specific immunity
-cells produced by -> CD4+ T cells (Th2 )
-function -> inhibition of macrophage activation, antagonize the effect of IFN- , isotype switching to IgE, growth factor for B cells |
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-hematopoesis
-cells produced by -> fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells
-function -> growth and differentiation of lymphocytes
-pluripotent SC to lymphoid progenitor |
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-hematopoesis
-cells produced by -> T cell
-function -> growth and differentiation of all cell lines (multilineage CSF)
-pluripotent SC to myeloid progenitor |
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-hematopoesis
-cells produced by -> T cells
-function -> growth and differentiation of eosinophils and to activate mature eosinophils to kill helminths |
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-hematopoesis
-cells produced by -> stromal fibroblasts and trophoblasts
-function -> stimulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins, synergizes with IL-3 and IL-4 to shorten the Go period of early progenitor cells
-for platelets |
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| important for granuloctye-monocyte CFU |
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| important for neutrophils |
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| cytokine regulation of neutrophil function |
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Definition
-IL-8 - Chemotactic to neutrophils
-IFN-gamma activates neutrophils, upregulating their respiratory burst
-TNF-alpha activates neutrophils during inflammation
-Lymphotoxin activates neutrophils
-IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 enhances the expression of cell adhesion molecules involved in neutrophil adhesion to endothelium. |
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-Natural T-regs are CD4+CD25+Foxp3+
-Regulate Th1/Th2 balance
-Principal cytokine -> IL-10
-Induced by IL-10 and TGF-β -> inducible T-regulatory cells
-May induce tolerance or anergy |
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-CD4+ IL17+ IL23R+ RORgammaT+ cells
-Developmentally distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells
-TGF-beta, IL6, and IL-23 differentiate and expand Th17 cells
-IFN-gamma and IL-4 negatively regulate Th17 differentiation
-Involved in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including allergic asthma, multiple sclerosis
-May be involved in anti-microbial immunity via release of IL-22 -> stimulation of epithelial cells to produce antimicrobial proteins to clear out Candida and Staph infections |
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TBET
involved in autoimmune diseases |
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GATA3
involved in atopic disease |
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RORgammaT
these cells have role in autoimmune disease vs. other infectious diseases |
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