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Inflammation and Tissue Repair Lecture 2
Theories and Procedures
65
Other
Graduate
03/02/2010

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Cards

Term
The 4 cardinal signs of inflammation
Definition

1) calor

2) Rubor 

3) tumor 

4) dolor

Term
4 responses of the inflammation phase
Definition

1) vasoconstriction

2) Vasodilation

3) Clot Formation

4) Phagocytosis

Term
Increased Redness and temperature
Definition
Hyperemia
Term
What is caused by increased permeability and vasodilation of blood vessels and infiltration of fluid to the interstitial space
Definition
Swelling
Term
Results from pressure of swelling and irritation by chemicals released from damaged cells
Definition
Pain
Term
Mediators that act to control inflammatory phase
Definition
Humoral and Neural 
Term
What cells predominate after an injury
Definition
platelets and neutophils
Term
Neutrophils are replaced with             2 days after an injury
Definition
macrophages
Term
Last for 5-10 min in an attempt to minimize blood loss
Definition
vasocontriction
Term
last for up to 1 hour and is initiated by histamine
Definition
vasodilation
Term
Factor that activates coagulation and causes vaosconstriction
Definition
Hageman factor
Term

1) Breaks down fibrin

2) augments vascular permeability 

3) activates hageman factor

Definition
plasmin
Term
Released in response to any damage to the cell membrane
Definition
Prostogladins
Term
Inhibits prostogladin synthesis
Definition
NSAIDS
Term
Prostogladin that Increases vascular permeability by antagonizing vasoconstriction
Definition
PGE1
Term

Prostogladin that

1) Attracts leukocytes

 

Definition
PGE 2
Term
Responsible for febrile state
Definition
Prostogladin
Term
Process by which neutrophils break away from central cellular column of blood
Definition
Margination
Term
3 phases in the attraction of blood to the vessel walls 
Definition

1)Extravastion

2) Pavementing

3) Margination

Term
Squezzing of Neutrophils through the cell walls
Definition
diapedesis
Term
process of leukocyte migration from the blood vessel to the perivascualar tissue
Definition
emigration
Term
accumulation of fluid in the extravascular sapce
Definition
edema
Term
edema is resulting from 4 things
Definition

1) increased capiallry hydostatic pressure

2) incresed interstitial osmotic pressure

3) increased venule permeability

4) overwhemed lympatic system

Term
fluid made up of few cells. little protien, dissolved elctrolytes and water
Definition
transudate
Term
cloudy viscous fluid with plasm protiens, high content of lipids. Eg blisters
Definition
exudate
Term
what is reduced in the vessels from the loss of protien rich fluid
Definition
osmotic pressure
Term
fluid with incresed leukocytes
Definition
pus
Term
supportive exudate occuring in a solid tissue
Definition
abcess
Term

1) endothelial cell contration

2) direct endothelia injury

3) leukocyte dependent endothelial injury

4) regenerting capilaries

Definition
mechanisms for leakage and distribution
Term
response that controls blood loss when vessels are damaged
Definition
hemostatic response
Term
from a temporary plug which confines teh inflammtion phase to 1 area
Definition
fibrin lattice
Term
accumulation of blood in the tissue or organ
Definition
hematoma
Term
blood fluid in the joint
Definition
hemathrosis
Term
leukocyte that rids the area of debris by phagocytosis
Definition
neutrophil
Term
leukocyte that releases histamine
Definition
basophil
Term
considerd the most important cell in teh inflammatroy phase and is essential for wound healing
Definition
macrophage
Term
most importatn plama protien system of inflammation
Definition
complement system
Term
system that increases vascular permeability, stimulates phagocytosis and acts as a chemostatic stimuli for leukocytes
Definition
complement system
Term
phase that is for strenght to the injury site and cover the wound
Definition
proliferation phase
Term
four processes of the proliferation phase
Definition

1)epithelialization

2) collagen production

3) wound contraction

4) neovascularization

Term
reestablishemnt of the epidermis, provide protective barrier to prevent fluid and electrolyte loss
Definition
epithelization
Term
tissue containing newly formed capilaries, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
Definition
granulatuion tissue
Term
draws water into the area, increases the amount of intracellular matrix, and facilitates cellular migration
Definition
gag
Term

The relationship of _____ and ____ dictate the scar architecture 

Definition

GAG

Collagen

Term
what day is the collagen at the max
Definition
day 21
Term
how strong is a wound 6 wks after an injury
Definition
805 of its fulle strength
Term
primary cells responsible for wound contraction
Definition
Myofibroblasts
Term
If wound contraction is too fast then it can result in the formation of ?
Definition
contractures
Term
Neovascularization, the development of a new blood supply to the injured area
Definition
angiogenesis
Term
primary collagen found in bone, skin, & tendon
Definition
type I
Term
predominant collagen found in cartilage
Definition
Type II
Term
this collagen GI tract, uterus, & blood vessels, the 1st type of collagen to be deposited during the healing process
Definition
Type III
Term
rate of collagen production is much greater lysis
Definition
keloid or hypertrophic scar
Term
although raised, remain within the margins within the original wound
Definition
hypertrophic scars
Term
scar attempts to mimic the characteristic of the tissue it is healing
Definition
induction theory
Term
internal & external stresses placed on the injured area during the maturation phase determine the final tissue structure
Definition
Tension theory
Term
simultaneous progression of active inflammation, tissue destruction, and healing
Definition
Chronic inflammation
Term
primary cells present during chronic inflammation
Definition
mononuclear cells
Term
a limited ability to heal because it lacks lymphatics, blood vessels, and nerves
Definition
Cartilage
Term

 

adhesions are common
Definition
synovial sheath is injured
Term
Bone goes through 4 histologically distinct stages in the healing process
Definition

 

1. inflammation, 2. soft callus, 3. hard callus, 4. bone remodeling
Term
stage when cells that possess osteogenic capabilities are activated
Definition
Induction
Term
stabilize the fracture site, decrease pain, lessen the likelihood of a fat embolism
Definition
cartilaginous callus
Term
begins when pain & swelling subside & lasts until the bony fragments are united
Definition
soft callus stage
Term
begins when a sticky, hard callus covers the ends of the fracture & ends when new bone unites with the fragments
Definition
hard callus stage
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