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inflammation 2
inflammation 2
39
Pathology
Undergraduate 2
02/09/2011

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Term
acute phase response
Definition
include changes in the plasma proteins, sketela muscle catabolism, and increased leukocytes. 
Term
what do cytokines affect?
Definition
the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus to produce fever. 
Term
sepsis
Definition
severe bacterial infection
Term
tissue repair
Definition
regeneration of tissue cells
Term
what happens during connective tissue replacement and regeneration?
Definition
cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. (also, interaction with extracellular matrix)
Term
paranchymal tissues
Definition
contain the functioning cells of an organ. (renal tubules, heptocytes)
Term
stromal tissues
Definition
consist of the supporting connective tissues, blood vessels, extracellular matrix, blood vessels, and nerve fibers
Term
body cell types are divided into 3 types, what are they?
Definition
labile, stable, or permanent. 
Term
labile
Definition
continue to divide and replicate through life. ex. skin
Term
stable cells
Definition
normally stop developing when puberty ceases. they will regerate when confronted with a proper stimulus
Term
what are examples of stable cells?
Definition
liver cells, kidney, smooth muscle...
Term
permanent cells
Definition
cannot undergo regeneration and mitotic division. nerve cells, cardiac, skeletal muscles. They will get replaced with scar tissue.
Term
granulation tissue
Definition
glitening red, moist connective tissue. 
Term
what is involved with the formation of granulation tissue?
Definition
new capillaries (angionesis), fibrogenesis, and the involution of scar tissue. 
Term
angiogenesis
Definition
involves the generation and sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels
Term
fibrogenesis
Definition
the influx of activated fibroblasts that secrete ECM. (fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans and collagen.)
Term
what makes a scar waterproof?
Definition
proteoglycans
Term
how does scar formation occur?
Definition
emigration and proliferation of fibroblasts, deposisting of ECM. collagen deposits. vascular degeration makes the scar appear pale. 
Term
primary intention
Definition
surgical insision that is closed. 
Term
secondary intention
Definition
slower healing. it heals with an open wound. larger amount of scar tissue. 
Term
vascular phases of healing
Definition
brief constriction, vasodilation, increased permiability, plasma leakage. 
Term
cellular phase of inflammation
Definition
migration of phagocytotic WBC's tht digest foreign and broken material. 
Term
macrophages
Definition
phagocytosis. release of growth factors that stimulate epitheleal growth, angiogenesis, and attract fibroblasts. 
Term
T or F: a wound can heal without neutrophils but it can't heal without macrophages
Definition
true
Term
proliferation stage
Definition
tissue building, fibroblast is the key cell-it makes collagen and it secretes angionesis and skin cell proliferation and migration
Term
epitheliazation
Definition
the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of skin cells to form a new layer. 
Term
what are the 3 pahses of wound healing?
Definition
inflammatory phase, proliferation phase, remodeling phase. 
Term
remodeling
Definition
the wound will continue to have fibroblasts and collagen deposits to increase tensile strength. 
Term
how does secondary intention heal during the remodeling phase?
Definition
it will undergo wound contraction which will shrink the scar size. 
Term
how does hypoxia affect the cell?
Definition
hypoxia causes cell swelling
Term
what is an example of systemic?
Definition
swollen ankles from edema causes by cardiac problems
Term
local
Definition
swollen ankles from a broken ankle
Term
what is a very good example of cellular hypertrophy?
Definition
heart cells will expand due to hypertension to have more strength to pump blood. cardiac cells cant divide so it has to swell to get stronger. 
Term
leukocytosis
Definition
increased numbers of circulating leukocytes
Term
c reactive proteins
Definition
it shows where the inflammation is
Term
is c reactive proteins are elevated it means that....?
Definition
it is systemic
Term
dihicence
Definition
layers of the skin have separated
Term
what are the stages in the proliferative phase?
Definition
granulation tissue, epitheliazation, collagen tissue formation, fibrous scar formation
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