Term
| What are the 3 forms of anthrax? |
|
Definition
Cutaneous - most common
Inhalation - most deadly
GI- ingestion |
|
|
Term
| what is the bacteria causing anthrax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hazardous for vets, farmers, etc who handle animal wool, hides, hair, or bone meal products |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used as a biological weapon/bioterrorist attack |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| presents 1-7 days after exposure and penetration of spores; pruritic papule --> black eschar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| presents 1-3 days after exposure; SSx include hemorrhagic mediastinitis, dyspnea, hypoxia, hypotension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tx for cutaneous anthrax
Tx for inhalational anthrax |
|
Definition
cutaneous: PCN
inhalational ciproflaxin |
|
|
Term
| neuroparalytic illness caused by a neurotoxin anaerobic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| affects infants (2nd month of life) and adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacteria causing botulism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dz with descending paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dz with extraocular muscle involvement (diplopia, ptosis, blurring),
pharyngela involvement (dysphagia), laryngeal involvement (dysarthria)
UE and LE weakness
severe ileus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz with symmetrical neurological deficits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some SSx of botulism |
|
Definition
no fever
nml mental status
nml/slow pulse rate
nml sensory output
symmetrical neurological deficits
nml brain imaging and CSF |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 types of botulism |
|
Definition
foodborne botulism
infant botulism
wound botulism
adult infectious botulism |
|
|
Term
| frequently in home-canned foods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
infant botulism
SSx: lack of muscle tone, floppy head, weak cry, poor feeding |
|
|
Term
Dz caused by black tar heroin
SSx? |
|
Definition
wound botulism
SSx: symmetrical neurological deficits
no fever, nml mental status, nml sensory output, nml brain imaging |
|
|
Term
| Dz with ascending paralysis |
|
Definition
| Guillain-Barre syndrome (associated with campylobacter jejuni diarrhea) |
|
|
Term
dz strongly associated with antibiotic use?
which Antibiotics? |
|
Definition
Clostridium difficile
clindamycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abx therapy
older age
presence of NG tube
GI procedures
Acid antisecretory meds
ICU stay
Duration of hospital stay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: has incr WBCs (leukocytosis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SSx of Clostridium difficile |
|
Definition
| watery diarrhea (maybe w/ MUCUS), lower abd cramps/pain, fever |
|
|
Term
| lab testind for C. difficile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Metronidazole
oral vancomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Saccharomyces boulardii (Baker's yeast)
stool enema
IVIG
Colectomy
Cholestyramine (resin that binds substance) |
|
|
Term
| Reason for choosing vancomycin over oral metronidazole for C. difficile |
|
Definition
pregnancy
lactation
intolderance of metronidazole
failure to response to metronidazole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacteria causing clostridial myonecrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some predisposing factors for Clostridium myonecrosis |
|
Definition
trauma, injection drug use
cause of soft tissue & muscle infections |
|
|
Term
| What are some SSx of Clostridium myonecrosis? |
|
Definition
| brown to blood-tinged water exudates, with skin discoloration of surrounding area, muscle necrosis, gas in tissue |
|
|
Term
| Tx for clostridium myonecrosis |
|
Definition
| PCN; surgical debridement |
|
|
Term
| infection that attacks the respiratory tract (but may involve the mucous membrane or skin wound) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| organism causing Diphtheriae |
|
Definition
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
|
|
Term
| how is diphtheriae transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
"bull-neck" - swelling of neck;
pseudomembranes, difficulty breathing are associated with what Dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the common complications of diptheria |
|
Definition
myocarditis --> cardiac arrhythmia
neuropathy
respiratory tract obstruction |
|
|
Term
Tx of Diphtheria
Abx that eradicates the carrier |
|
Definition
Tx: antitoxin (horse Ab)
Abx: PCN or erythromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dz that cause UTI, bacteremia, endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organisms cause enterococcal infections |
|
Definition
enterococci faecalis
enterococci faceium |
|
|
Term
| Due to increased resistance to Abx (vancomycin and PCN) how do u treat enterococcal infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of Community Acquired Pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of sinusitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| organism causing pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensitive to antibiotic optochin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
early sign: bronchial breath sounds
productive cough, early pleuritic chest pain; rigors (chills) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for pneumococcal pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes folliculitis and bone and joint infections: osteomyelitis, septic arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for staph aureus skin and soft tissue infection? |
|
Definition
Penicillinase-resistant PCN
MRSA --> vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| Tx for staph aureus bacteremia |
|
Definition
nafcillin
emperic: vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| what are the toxic syndromes associated with staph aureus |
|
Definition
scalded skin syndrome
toxic shock syndrome
enterotoxin food poisoning |
|
|
Term
| scalded skin syndrome is associated with what population and with what dz? |
|
Definition
children
staph aureus: shock |
|
|
Term
| originally associated with tampon use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what SSx are associated with scalded skin syndrome (staph aureus: shock) |
|
Definition
| skin sloughing due to exfoliation toxin |
|
|
Term
| what SSx are associated with toxic shock syndrome |
|
Definition
macular rash, water diarrhea
conjunctivitis, multi-organ failure,
desquamation of palms and soles during recovery |
|
|
Term
associated with food poisoning (ex. eating potato salad)
SSx? |
|
Definition
staph aureus: shock
SSx: severe vomiting; rapid onset (4 hrs) |
|
|
Term
| what would the blood culture show for staph aureus: shock |
|
Definition
| blood Cx: negative due to toxin and not systemic infection |
|
|
Term
| scarlet fever is a toxin syndrome associated with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| also known as strep throat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bacteria causes pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
| group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus pyogenes |
|
|
Term
| how is pharyngitis transmitted? |
|
Definition
| droplets of infected secretions |
|
|
Term
| what are some SSx of pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
sore throat
anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
pharyngeal erythema
tonsillar exudates
NO cough or hoarseness or coryza |
|
|
Term
| Complication of acute rheumatic fever is associated with what Dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complication of acute glomerulonephritis is associated with what Dz |
|
Definition
| skin infection of strep. pyogenes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for skin infections caused by streptococcal pyogenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| = extensive cellulitis that involves superficial and deep fascia, producing gangrene of underlying tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SSx of severe cellulitis, systemic toxicity, destruction of nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for necrotizing fasciitis |
|
Definition
Surgical debridement
IV clindamycin |
|
|
Term
| found in the soil, dust, and as a contaminant of heroin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what organism causes tetanus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are at high risk for getting tetanus? |
|
Definition
| newborns, injection drug users, elderly migrant workers |
|
|
Term
| causes muscle spasm and exaggerated reflexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some SSx of tetanus |
|
Definition
trismus
risus sardonicus - grinning expression
generalized spasms (tetani)
hyperreflexia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the Tx for tetanus? |
|
Definition
supportive: place pt in calm, dark environ
passive immunization (TIG)
active immunization (TT)
Vaccine: Tapd |
|
|
