Term
| Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow cavity are caused by infectious microorganisms, mainly bacteria, but also fungi, viruses, or parasites. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most cases of acute __ osteomyelitis are caused by bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is pyogenic osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| acute purulent (pus forming) osteomyelitis thats caused by bacteria |
|
|
Term
| The bacteria reaches the bones by one of what three routes? |
|
Definition
1) Hematogenous dissemination from the original infection site, such as the urinary tract, skin, teeth, respiratory system, etc.
2) Direct extension from an acute infection site in the adjacent joint or soft tissue
3) Traumatic inoculation from a penetrating wound, compound (open) fractures, orthopedic surgical procedures or prosthetic implants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common pathogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A common pathogen in patients with sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mixed bacterial infections can cause what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides staphlococus aureus, name 5 other types of bacteria |
|
Definition
B Streptococci
Pneumococci
Pseduomonas Aeruginosa
Haemophilus Influenzae
E. coli |
|
|
Term
| What are 5 risk factors for Pyogenic Osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
1. Diabetes Mellitus
2. Immunosuppressant usage, immunodeficiency, or spleen removal
3. Older adults with malignancy, malnutrition, and renal or liver failure
4. Intravenous drug abuse
5. Malnutrition |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of Pyogenc Osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
| Bacterial growth inside of bone results in bone destruction and formation of an abscess. The pus can spread within the bone or through the cartilage into the joint, or through the Hasversian canal of the compact bones to the skin |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations for Pyogenic osteomyelitis in adults? |
|
Definition
| Present as local pain which is not relieved by rest, local swelling and redness, functional limitation, and low-grade fever |
|
|
Term
| How does spinal osteomyelitis present? |
|
Definition
| Intermittent or constant back pain, aggravated by motion and throbbing at rest; spinal tenderness and rigidity; limited ROM |
|
|
Term
| How does Pyogenic Osteomyelitis present in children? |
|
Definition
| Likely to have an acute, severe presentation. High fever, intense pain, local pain, edema, erythema, and tenderness. Local unexplained cellulitis could be a sign of osteomyeltitis |
|
|
Term
| Name 4 ways in which Pyogenic Osteomyelitis be diagnosed? |
|
Definition
-Clinical presentation, medical history, and physical examination
-Radiography
-MRI
-Needle biopsy, aspiration, or swab to identify pathogen |
|
|
Term
| How can Pyogenic Osteomyelitis be treated? |
|
Definition
-IV antibiotics
-Surgery to drain, exudate, or debride
-Infection that has spread to the joints is an orthopedic emergency because the articular cartilage can be damaged in a matter of hours |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of vertebral disk, vertebral end plates, or both |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can be self-limiting inflammatory process or a pyogenic infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In adults, what is the most common complication of discectomy, with incidence rate <3% post discectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In children, what may be the source of a disk space infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common pathogen for Diskitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a less common pathogen for Diskitis than staph? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations for diskitis? |
|
Definition
| Fever, spinal pain, limping, or refusal to walk in children. Back pain ranges from mild to severe, worse with activity, rest does not relieve the pain |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 ways to diagnose diskitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can diskitis be treated? |
|
Definition
| Antibiotics, Bed rest, casting, bracing, prophylactic antibiotics after spinal surgery for prevention of diskitis |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of joint caused by bacterial infection, resulting in joint destruction and sepsis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 most common pathogens for infectious arthritis? |
|
Definition
| Staphlococus aureus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
|
|
Term
| What are the infection routes for infectious arthritis? |
|
Definition
| Most common route is hematogenous; others include direct inoculation from wound or surgery, or extending from nearby infection |
|
|
Term
| What are some predisposing factors for infectious arthritis? |
|
Definition
| Alcohol abuse, IV drug abuse, immunodeficiency, other infectious diseases, diabetes |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of infectious arthritis? |
|
Definition
| Acute onset of joint pain, swelling, tenderness, and loss of motion. Fever or chills. Gonococcus arthritis affects mostly women, may produce skin lesion, tenosynovitis, and polyarthralgias |
|
|
Term
| How can infectious arthritis be diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| Clinical presentation, medical history, and physical examination. Joint fluid aspiration and culture |
|
|
Term
| How can infectious arthritis be treated? |
|
Definition
-Joint infection is a medical emergency; joints can be destroyed in about 2 weeks after onset without medical treatment
-Hospital admission and treat with IV antibiotics
-Surgical drainage
-Joint rest: splinting, traction, or casting
-ROM exercise |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of muscle caused by bacterial, viral, and/or parasitic agents, resulting in their minor self-limiting conditions or loss of ms function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 most common pathogens for Myositis? |
|
Definition
| Staphlococus aureus and parasites such as trichinella |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 common forms of myositis |
|
Definition
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis |
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of a number of voluntary muscles simultaneously |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A progressive condition characterized by symmetric proximal muscular weakness with elevated muscle enzyme levels and a skin rash, (typically a purplish-red or heliotrope erythema on the face), edema of the eyelids and periorbital tissue; affected muscle tissue shows degeneration of fibers with a chornic inflammatory reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presents with muscle weakness, malaise, fever, muscle swelling, pain, tenderness, and lethargy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 ways in which Myositis can be diagnosed |
|
Definition
Medical History
EMG
Muscle biopsy
Lab values |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 ways in which myositis can be treated |
|
Definition
Immunosuppressant
Muscular rehabilitation |
|
|
Term
| The most common pathogen for this infection is staphlococcus aureus; anaerobic bacteria infection from bites and in diabetics |
|
Definition
| Infection of bursae and tendon |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of infection of bursae and tendon? |
|
Definition
| Pain, swelling, loss of function, cellulitis |
|
|
Term
| How can infections of bursae and tendon be treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many people in the US have skeletal TB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10-15% of TB is ___, in which 10% in skeletal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does skeletal TB spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the most common affected sites for skeletal TB? |
|
Definition
| Lower thoracic and lumbar spine (also called Pott dz) |
|
|
Term
| Affects vertebral bodies and spreads to the disk and adjacent vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of Skeletal TB? |
|
Definition
-Vertebral deformity, collapse, and nerve root irritation producing back pain
-Secondary neurologic effects
-Cold abscess in the psoas muscle producing hip pain |
|
|
Term
| Name 4 ways in which skeletal TB can be diagnosed? |
|
Definition
Radiography
CT and MRI
TB test
Tissue biopsy |
|
|
Term
| How can skeletal TB be treated? |
|
Definition
-Pharmacologic tx for TB
-Rehab after orthopedic sx |
|
|
