Term
pneumocystis pneumonia: most common life-threatening OI
candidiasis
tuberculosis
toxoplasmosis encephalitis: 2nd most common AIDS related CNS infection
crytococcal meningitis
cytomegalovirus retinitis
mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) |
|
Definition
| common opportunistic infections in HIV patients |
|
|
Term
CD4 < 200 initiate prophylaxis
TMP/SMX (DOC): 1DS or 1SS daily or x3/w
alternative treatments:
atovaquone, dapsone, aerosolized pentamidine |
|
Definition
| primary prophylaxis of pneumocystsis pneumonia and when to initiate prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
treat for 21 days
moderate to severe:
TMP/SMX IV
OR
Pentamidine IV
OR
Clindamycin IV PLUS Primaquine PO
mild to moderate:
TMP/SMX PO
OR
Atotaquone PO
OR
Dapsone PO PLUS TMP PO
OR
Clindamycin PO PLUS Primaquone PO
if CD4 count < 200 at time of PCP diagnosis secondary prophylaxis can be discontinued when CD4 count > 200 x 3 months
if CD4 count > 200 at time of PCP diagnosis, continue prophylaxis lifelong |
|
Definition
| Treatment for Pneumocystis Pneumonia |
|
|
Term
rash
neutropenia
hepatitis
neurologic toxicity
hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
nephrotoxicity
hypoglycemia
leukopenia/anemia
GI intolerance
hepatitis
pancreatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HA
N/V/D
rash
increased transaminases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CD4 < 100 initiate prophylaxis
TMP/SMX 1DS or 1SS daily
OR
Dapsone PLUS Pyrimethamine PLUS Leucovorin (folinic acid) |
|
Definition
| primary prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis encephalitis and when to initiate prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
Sulfadiazine PLUS Pyrimethamine PLUS Leucovorin (folinic acid)
Alternative Treatment:
Clindamycin PLUS Pyrimethamine PLUS Leucovorin
Adjunctive Medications:
steroids, anticonvulsants
lifelong maintenance therapy |
|
Definition
| Treatment of toxoplasmosis |
|
|
Term
rash
fever
leukopenia
hepatitis
N/V/D
crystalluria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
rash
nausea
myelosuppression due to depleted folic acid stores *prevented with folinic acid (leucovorin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
fever
rash
N/V/D
pseudomembranous colitis
hepatotoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sight threatening:
intraocular ganciclovir implants PLUS valganciclovir PO
peripheral lesions:
valganciclovir PO BID x 14-21 days then qd
maintenance therapy recommended for life (retinitis) |
|
Definition
| treatment of CMV retinitis (no primary prophylaxis) |
|
|
Term
RENAL DOSE MODIFICATION
give PO forms with food
NEUTROPENIA
thrombocytopenia
nephrotoxicity
N/D |
|
Definition
| ADRs of ganciclovir/valganciclovir |
|
|
Term
renal dose modification
NEPHROTOXICITY
serum electrolyte decreases
anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
weekly dosing
NEPHROTOXICITY
neutropenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CD4 < 50 initiate prophylaxis
Clarithromycin
OR
Azithromycin
OR
Rifabutin |
|
Definition
| primary prophylaxis of MAC and when to initiate prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
Clarithromycin OR Azithromycin
PLUS
Ethambutol
+/-
Rifabutin
high treatment failure rates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
red body fluids
rash
GI intolerance
dose related uveitis: red, painful eye, blurred vision
drug interactions |
|
Definition
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