Term
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Definition
| – Invasion of the body by microorganisms that have the capability to cause disease (pathogen) |
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Term
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Definition
| Results when a colonized pathogen overcomes host defenses and utilizes host tissue, producing a pathology (adverse changes in bodily structure and/or function) in the host. |
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Term
| Initiation of Disease is dependent on 3 major factors: |
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Definition
1. Infective dose
2. Virulence
3. Immune status of the host |
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Term
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Definition
| numbers of the agent necessary to overcome host defenses and initiate a destructive process. |
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Term
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Definition
| The enhanced capacity of an agent, typically genetic-based, to initiate a pathology |
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Term
| Immune status of the host |
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Definition
| those immonosuppressed or immunocompromised are much more susceptible, as are those that are not vaccinated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism of entry of an organism into a host following contact (exposure) |
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Term
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Definition
*ingestion
*Inhalation
*Dermal or mucous membrane contact (wound or break in skin or splash in eyes)
*Sexual contact
*Arthropod vector (mosquito, tick) |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary habitat of the organism (humans are the only reservoir for measles; the intestional tract of chickens and reptiles is a reservoir for Salmonella.) |
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Term
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Definition
| An infected, but asymptomatic person that maintains a pathogen in sufficient numbers to transmit it to others, who then become infected and diseased. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inanimate material or surface capable of harboring and providing for the transmissino of an infectious agent. (contaminated doorknob) |
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Term
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Definition
*Constitutes all the microorganisms that are normally present in or on the human body, and that normally exert a positive effect that is protective and promotes health. (intestional tract, repiratory and skin bacteria)
*Some individuals carry one or more latent pathogens as part of their normal flora, which then, under certain conditions may causes disease in teh host; or they may be trasmitted to toehrs who then become infected and perhaps diseased (Neisseria meningitis)
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Term
Endogenous Infectious diseasea
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Definition
Pathology (resulting from an organism that is part of the body's normal flora) due to disturbed immune function or a temporary change in the ecology of the normal flora.
(example: Candida albicans yeast infections; Staphylococcus aureus-Toxic Shock Syndrome, meningococcal disease) |
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Term
| Exogenous infectious disease |
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Definition
| Infection resulting from a pathogen external to the human body (ex: west nile virus, malaria, Rocky mtn, spotted fever, meningococcas disease) |
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Agent: |
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Definition
staphylococcus aureous
(strains producing TSS exotoxin 1) |
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Type of Agent: |
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Definition
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Reservoir: |
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Definition
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Transmission |
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Definition
| Disease occurs mainly through the carrier state (endogenous) although the agent can be transmitted person to person (exogenous) |
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome
incubation period |
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Definition
| varies; usually a short time until exotoxin is produced |
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Risk groups |
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Definition
| Those with S. aureus wound infections or nasal surgery; women using tampons or barrier contraceptive devices. |
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Signs & symptoms
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Definition
Sudden onset of high fever, vomiting, profuse watery diarrhea and myalgia, folled by hypotension, and shock. A sunburn like rash present during the acute phase (1-2 weeks), with desquamation of the skin, especially palms and soles.
-strawberry tongue
-Mentstrual toxic shock syndrome
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Treatment |
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Definition
*Antibiotics and supportive therapy. Clindamycin may help reduce toxin production.
*Efforts must focus on eliminating focus of infection through wound drainage, removal of wound packing, or vaginal foreign bodies. |
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Epidemiology
What percent of cases are menstrual TSS? |
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Definition
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Epidemiology
What do other cases arise from? |
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Definition
| Use of contraceptive diaphragms and vaginal contraceptive sponges, or from infections after childbirth or abortion. |
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Epidemiology
What percent of cases are fatal? |
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Definition
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Epidemiology
Where can infection occur?
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Definition
*Can occur in men and women as infections of
*skin
*bone
*respiratory tract
*surgical sites |
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Term
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Prevention & Control
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Definition
-Education of women, especially in the 15-44 year age group; and those known to be carriers of S. aureus.
-Can be screened by a nasal culture to determine carrier state.
-Promote proper first aid and wound care to public
-Implement effective hopsital infection control programs
*There is no vaccine available!!!!
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Agent: |
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Definition
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Type of Agent: |
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Definition
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Reservoir: |
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Definition
| Dog tick in Eastern US; wood tick in Northwestern US |
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Transmission: |
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Definition
| Bie of an infected tick and at least 4-6 hours of attachment and feeding on blood |
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Incubation period: |
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Definition
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
communicability: |
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Definition
| Not transmitted directly from person to person |
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Susceptibility: |
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Definition
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Initial Symptoms: |
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Definition
May include:
-fever
-nausea
-vomiting
-severe headache
-muscle pain
-lack of appetite
-rash first appears 2-4 days after onset of fever
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Later signs & symptoms: |
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Definition
-continued rash
-abdomial pain
-joint pain
-diarrhea
*50-80% develop rash on palms and soles |
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Pathology:
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Definition
| Infects cells lining the blood vessels throughout the body and can affect respiratory, nervous, GI, and renal systems. |
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Case-fatality rate: |
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Definition
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Long term effects: |
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Definition
| If seriously ill patient survives, there may be partial paralysis of the lower extremities, gangrene requiring amputation of fingers, toes, or arms or legs, hearing loss, loss of bowels or bladder control, movement disorders, and language disorders |
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Treatment: |
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Definition
Tetracyclines are the drugs of choice; and if given in the first 4-5 days of the disease, symptoms begin to remit.
-As the disease progresses, there is a point at which treatment is not effective. |
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Risk Factors:
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Definition
-Those who work outdoors in endemic areas, are Caucasion and male.
-2/3 of cases occur in children under the age of 15 years, with the peak age being 5-9 years old.
-individuals with frequent exposure to dogs and who reside near wooded areas or areas with high grass are also at increased risk of infection. |
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Term
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Prevention & Control:
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Definition
Community education:
-look for and properly remove attached or crawling ticks after exposure to tick-infested habitats.
-De-tick dogs and use tick-repellant collars and sprays.
-Educate those at greastest risk in endemic ares: outdoor workers, hikers, and other sportsmen
*there is no vaccine available
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