abscess formation

spreading infections

necrotizing infections

localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

boils and carbuncles results from infection and inflammation around hair follicles

impetigo

erysipelas

cellulitis

limited to epidermis

presents as a bullous, crusted or pustular eruption of the skin

localized cutaneous infection characterized by vesicle on an erythematous base

blocks dermal lymphatics

presents as well defined, spreading erytematous inflammation generally on face, legs, or feet

localized skin infection with pain, inflammation, lymph node enlargement, and systemic symptoms

caused by s. pyogenes

diffuse from of acute inflammation

usual presentation if the infection is in the subcutaneous fat

caused by s. pyogenes

septicemia

meningitis

disseminated infectious rash seen in secondary stage of disease

2-3 months after infection

typhus

deep progressive infection of skin that involves destruction of muscle and fat layers

patients often die from shock and multisystem failure within 48 hours

caused by s. pyogenes

destruction of bones, particularly the metaphyseal area of long bones

abscess of the bone

protein a

coagulase

hyaluronidase

staphylokinase

lipases

enterotoxins

hemolysins

toxic shock syndrome toxin

exfoliatin

leukocidins

binds the Fc portion of IgG preventing opsonization and Fc-mediated phagocytosis

activate thrombin

cause clotting of plasma which contributes to the ability to localize and form abscesses

enhance growth by the breakdown of complex lipids to simpler compounds

important with infection of skin around sebaceous glands and hair follicles where the concentration of lipids and fatty acids are high

produce about 50% of all coagulase positive S. aureus strains

in staphylococcal food poisoning, induces diarrhea and stimulates the vomit reflex by interaction with neural receptors in the upper GI tract

acute infective endocarditis

deep organ abscesses

pneumonia

osteomyelitis

scalded skin syndrome

toxic shock syndrome

food poisoning

classic scalded skin syndrome

ritter's disease

bullous impetigo

staphylococcal scarlet fever

febrile illness characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, an erythematous rash, muscle pain and hypotension

may lead to organ failure and death

associated with menstruting women and the use of highly absorbent tampons

S. aureus releases toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) during infections of the vagina

catalase test

s. aureus is catalase positive

yes,

turns the plate from pink to yellow

start with beta-lactamase resistant penicillin

methicillin

cloxacillin

oxacillin

nafcillin

vancomycin

linezoid

quinospristin-dalfopristin

daptomycin

drug abusers

immunocompromised individuals

uncomplicated pharyngitis, impetigo and erysipelas

severe, invasive and often fatal necrotizing fasciitis/myositis and toxic shock syndrome

rheumatice fever, scarlet fever, and bacteremia

m protein

fibronectin-binding protein

capsular polysaccharide

toxins and superantigens

hemolysins

an adhesin which promotes attachment to epithelial cells containing keratin but not pharyngeal tissue

antiphagocytic and anticomplement properties

more than 100 different antigen types

immunologically cross-reactive with human cardiac tissue

upper respiratory tract

female genital tract

three different immunological forms

A, B, C (SPE A, B,C)

direct toxic damage to the skin

produce a delayed hypersensitivity response

responsible for the rash seen in scarlet fever

encoded by a gene on a temperate phage

only phage containing cells produce toxin

malaise, fever, headache and sore throat

tonsils are enlarged and erythematous

anterior cervical nodes may be swollen

erthema, blisters followed by eruption and crusting

transmitted by direct contact or sharing of contaminated items

also caused by s. aureus

can accompany pharyngitis or streptococcal skin infections

generalized punctate erythematous rash sometimes described as sandpaper rash and strawberry tongue accompanied by fever

rash caused by pyrogenic toxin

transmitted by droplet infection (respiratory secretions)

autoimmune condition caused by cross reactivity of streptococcal antigens and human heart, joint and nervous tissue

characterized by inflammation of the myocardium or endocardium, especially the mitral and or aortic valves arthritis (inflammation of joints) and neurologica symptoms (uncontrolled involuntary movements)

follows respiratory but not skin infections

streptococcal antigen-antibody complexes are deposited at the basement membranse of the kidney glomeruli and injury to the glomerulus occurs as a result of an excessive inflammatory response

may follow cutaneous or respiratory infection

bacitracin sensitivity

CAMP test will be negative

this is for group a

host defense is dependent on complement and opsonization, phagocytosis

antibodies are directed to pili and the M and F proteins to prevent attachment and enhance phagocytosis

type specific

gram positive anaerobic bacilli

spores are rarely seen

penicillin

erythromycin if allergic to penicillin

will not prevent glomerulonephritis

major infections are soft tissue infections (cellulitis, suppurative myositis, myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and gastroenteritis (food posioning)