The Isolation Systems have 2 tiers:

I)  Standard precautions:

1) Protection of H.C. workers 2) all body substances are considered contaminated with organisms 3) never touch anythign wet that comes from a body surface with bare hands

II)  Transmission-Based Precautions:

1) Airborn (tiny particles so small they float on air. You need a special M-95 mask and negative flow air room. Ex: TB

2) Droplet - larger particles you need a mask. (gloves)  Like droplets form a sneeze and the flu

3) Contact: MRSA, C-diff, wound infection - mask, gloves gown.

4) Other- protective Isolation- keep compromised patients out of harm/infections way.

Describe the chain of infection and how to break the links of the chain?

 1) CHAIN: Infectious Agent (bacteria fungi,virus)

BREAK CHAIN: Rapid, accurate ID of organism.

2) CHAIN: Reservoirs (people. equipment, water)

BREAK CHAIN: employee health, environmental sanitation, disinfection/sterilization

3) CHAIN: Portal of Exit (excretions, secretion, skin,. membranes, droplets)

BREAK CHAIN: hand hygiene, control of excretions & secretions

4) CHAIN: Means of Transportation (direct contact, ingestion, airborne, formites)

BREAK CHAIN: hand hygiene, sterilization, standard precautions, airflow control, food handling, isolation

5) CHAIN: Portal of Entry (mucous membrane, GI tract, GU tract, broken skin, respiratory tract)

BREAK CHAIN: Aspetic technique catheter, wound care

6) CHAIN: Susceptible Host ( immunosuppressed patient, diabetes, surgery, burns, elderly)

BREAK CHAIN: treatment of underlying diseases, and recognition of high risk patients.

• Risk for Infection related to (r/t)
  • Chronic disease, Broken skin, Decreased neutrophils
• Acute Pain: dysuria r/t inflammatory process in bladder (See p. 114 in Ackley and Ladwig.)
• Deficient fluid volume r/t inadequate fluid intake (could be used for the Flu, r/t sore throat, weakness, fever, and patient unable to take in adequate fluids by mouth. (See p. 63 in Ackley and Ladwig)
• Social isolation r/t altered state of wellness, contagiousness of disease.This could be appropriate for someone with open herpes zoster lesions.

1. A plan to avoid/prevent spread of infection
2. A collaborative plan of care
3. A plan for health promotion activities to support defenses of susceptible host
4. A discharge plan

Acute Pain: dysuria r/t inflammatory process in bladder AEB urinary frequency, and burning on urination.

1) gloves 2) masks 3) eye protection 4) gown  5) clean environment 6) hand hygiene, 7) preventing exposure

8) clinical waste  9) accommodation 10) body fluid spills 11) patient care equipment

Infectious Agent — Use hand hygiene, sterilization, and antimicrobials

Source/Reservoirs — Sterilization or use of disposable supplies

Portal of exit — Cover wounds with dressings, standard precautions hand washing, wear gloves if contact expected with blood or body fluids. Cover mouth when coughing.

Mode of transmission — Use hand hygiene, use pesticides to eliminate vectors and use adequate refrigeration

Portal of entry — Use hand hygiene, wear gloves, use masks and personal protective equipment (PPE), and dispose of sharps in sharp box

Protect susceptible host — Immunizations, screen healthcare staff, provide adequate nutrition, skin care, and sanitized environment