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Infection and Immunity 2- Lecture 27
UTIs
35
Medical
Professional
04/29/2013

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Cards

Term
Complicated vs. uncomplicated UTI
Definition
complicated implies there are structural abnormalities of the urinary tract along with infection (like catheters, obstruction, or host factors like pregnancy)
Term
How often do UTIs occur in recurrent cystitis?
Definition
2 episodes in 6 months, or >= 3 episodes in one year
Term
Relapse vs. re-infection with UTI
Definition

relapse= same pathogen within 2 wks of finishing treatment

 

re-infection= different pathogen >2 wks after finishing treatment

Term
Define Urosepsis
Definition
sepsis syndrome associated with UTI
Term

Define Perinephric abcess

(where is the abcess)

Definition
Collection of suppurative material between the renal capsule and Gerota’s fascia
Term
How does bacteria get in to form an intrarenal abscess
Definition
usually hematogenous dissemination
Term

6 Host defenses against UTI

 

Definition
•Zinc-rich prostatic fluid
•Urine: increased Urea and high osmolarity,
acidic pH
•Flushing mechanism of the bladder;
micturition
•Tamm-horsfall Protein in ascending loop of
Henle, has mannose side chains
•Bladder mucopolysaccharide
•Inflammatory responses, cytokines, SIgA
Term
Name a UTI-causing pathogen(s) that are associated with stones
Definition
Proteus/Klebsiella
Term
Name a UTI-causing pathogen that is associated with young sexually active females
Definition
S. saprophyticus
Term
Name a UTI-causing pathogen that is associated with intrarenal abscess
Definition
A. Aureus
Term
Name a UTI-causing pathogen that is associated with hemorrhagic cystitis
Definition
Adenovirus 11
Term
95% of UTIs are caused by ___ bacteria (not a pathogen name)
Definition
a single bacteria
Term

Bacteruria in children

- sex

- race

Definition

Female>male

White>black

Term
% of females that will have symptomatic UTIs at least one in their lifetime
Definition
50%
Term
Why the Female:Male ratio of UTI prevalence in the elderly is more even than in the young
Definition
Elderly men have more prostate disease and less cidal prostate fluid
Term
4 Characteristics of Cystitis (UTI up to the bladder)
Definition
•Abrupt onset
•Dysuria, frequency, urgency
•Suprapubic tenderness
•Lack of systemic symptoms and fever
Term
3 Characteristics of Pyelonephritis (UTI that's reached the pelvis of the kidney)
Definition
•Systemic symptoms and fever
•Flank pain/tenderness
•Lower UTI signs and symptoms
Term

5 Labs used to diagnose UTI

Which is the most commonly used?

Definition

Clean catch **most common**

Dipstick

Pyuria

Proteinuria

Gram stain

Term
What a UTI dipstick tests for
Definition
leukocyte esterase/nitrate(+)
Term
In an asymptomatic female patient, what information is required to diagnose a UTI?
Definition
>105 colonies 80% bacteruria + a positive culture
Term
In an asymptomatic male patient, what information is required to diagnose a UTI?
Definition
At least 103 colonies
Term
What information is needed to diagnose UTI in symptomatic patients?
Definition

At least 103 colonies

 

Term
What information is needed to diagnose pyelonephritis in symptomatic patients?
Definition
At least 104 colonies
Term
How to treat patients with asymptomatic bacteruria
Definition
No treatment (unless maybe in children and pregnancy)
Term
How to know if you've cured a UTI
Definition
negative urine culture during and 1-2 weeks after chemotherapy
Term
What is UTI "persistence"
Definition
positive culture even after 48 hrs on antibiotics
Term
How long to give antibiotics for a superficial mucosal lower UTI in females
Definition

3 days

 

longer in men

Term
Why we treat an asymptomatic UTI in pregnancy
Definition
30% of those untreated develop pyelonephritis
Term
Name the most common pathogen which causes prostatitis (both acute and chronic)
Definition
E. coli
Term
Symptoms of acute prostatitis (type I)
Definition
High fever, perineal and back pain, UTI-like
Term
How long to treat Acute Prostatitis (Type I) with antibiotics
Definition
4+ weeks
Term

What is the most frequent cause of relapsing UTI in men?

 

Definition
Chronic prostatitis (type II) from E. coli
Term
Symptoms of Chronic prostatitis (type II)
Definition
asymptomatic or mild back pain/dysuria
Term
2 antibiotics of choice to treat prosatitis
Definition
TMP/SMX and quinolones
Term

What is Type III Prostatitis?

How common?

What is the cause?

Definition

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome

 

most common type of prostatitis

 

Is NONbacterial

 

Get urgency, pressure, and low back pain

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