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Details

Infection and Immunity 2- Lecture 21 and 22
CNS Infections (meningitis and encephalitis)
36
Medical
Professional
04/29/2013

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
At what age are humans most likely to get bacterial meningitis?
Definition
6 months old
Term
Top 4 pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis in premature infants and neonates.
Definition
Group B Streptococcus
E. coli
Other Enterobacteriaceae
Listeria monocytogenes
Term
Top 2 pathogens that cause bacterial meningitis in post-surgery or trauma patients
Definition
Staphylococcus
 Enterobacteriaceae
Term
The most common pathogen that causes bacterial meningitis in young adults.
Definition
Neisseria meningitidis
Term
How does age of the patient affect the presentation of Haemophilus influenza meningitis?
Definition

younger child= less specific symptoms

neonates= poor feeding, irritable, fever

Term
What skin signs can help indicate a Neisseria meningitidis meningitis infection?
Definition
petechiae or purpura
Term
What kind of vaccine is used to prevent Haemophilus influenza? When is it given and why?
Definition

a capsule polysaccharide vaccine

 

after 18 months, because before that there is no memory immune response

Term
5 major possible sequelae from meningitis
Definition
–Mental retardation
–Brain deficit
–Deafness
–Seizure disorder
–Hydrocephalus
Term
3 lab findings (leukocytes, PMNs, and protein) in CSF in someone with bacterial meningitis (usually)
Definition

Leukocytes >500/μl

PMNs >80% of the leukocytes

Protein >100 (mg/dl)

Term
3 lab findings (leukocytes, PMNs, and protein) in CSF in someone with viral meningitis (usually)
Definition

Leukocytes <500/μl

PMNs <50% of the leukocytes

Protein <100 (mg/dl)

Term
Give mg/dl of glucose found in CSF for bacterial meningitis vs. viral meningitis
Definition

Bacterial: <40mg/dl glucose

Viral: >40mg/dl glucose

Term
Describe the initial empiric therapy that is given for meningitis
Definition

Treat for the 3 major organisms.

 

Concentrations of the antimicrobic in the CSF should exceed the MIC of the offending organism by at least 10 fold.

Term
Current most common pathogen that causes bacterial meningitis overall.
Definition
S. pneumoniae
Term
How to empirically treat a patient with S. pneumoniae meningitis
Definition
voncomycin + a Beta-lactam
Term
Define Encephalitis
Definition
inflammation of the brain
Term
Define encephalomyelitis
Definition
inflammation of brain and spinal cord
Term
Define encephalopathy
Definition
degenerative disease of the brain
Term
Define meningitis
Definition
inflammation of the meninges
Term
Define meningoencephalitis
Definition
inflammation of the brain and meninges
Term

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

- pathogen

- where

- who/what infected & how

- symptom

Definition

Pathogen: Togavirus

Where: swamps and east coast

What: mosquito-bird cycle w/ humans and horses as incedental hosts

Onset: Rapid onset of encephalitis w/ 33% mortality

Term

Western Equine Encephalitis

- pathogen

- where

- who/what infected & how

- symptom

Definition

Pathogen: alphavirus (Togavirus)

Where: west of Mississippi, Canada, Mexico

What: mosquito/vertebrate cycle w/ humans and horses as incidental hosts

 Symptom: meningitis & encephalitis (especially in infants)

Term

St. Louis Encephalitis

- pathogen

- where

- who/what infected & how

- symptom

Definition

Pathogen: Flavi virus

Where: anywhere

What: mosquito/bird cycle w/ humans as incidental hosts

 Symptom: encephalitis & cranial nerve palsies that vary with age. Old= higher mortality. Young= more sequelae

Term

West Nile Virus

- pathogen

- where

- who/what infected & how

- major symptom

Definition

Pathogen: Flavi virus

Where: anywhere

What: mosquito/bird cycle w/ humans and horses as incidental hosts

 Symptom: meningitis and meningoencephalitis, especially in elderly

Term
4 common symptoms of West Nile Virus
Definition

Fever

Headache

Stiff neck

Eye pain

 

 

Term
Describe West Nile poliomyelitis
Definition
a flaccid paralysis syndrome w/ acute assymetric limb weakness/paralysis
Term

LaCrosse Encephalitis

- pathogen

- where

- who/what infected & how

- major symptom

Definition

Pathogen: LaCrosse virus

Where: deciduous forests

What: mosquito/small mammal cycle w/ children as incidental hosts

 Symptom: Encephalitis and seizures

Term

Japanese Encephalitis

- where

- who/what infected & how

- major symptom

Definition

Where: Asia

What: mosquito/bird/pig cycle w/ children (and other animals) as incidental hosts

 Symptom: Encephalitis and seizures (high mortality)

Term

Herpes Encephalitis

- where it occurs if contracted neonatally vs. postnatally

 

Definition

Neonatal= anywhere (all over, including mouth and eye)

Postnatal= CNS only

Term

Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis

- most commonly due to HSV-___ ?

- When it presents

- Mother's history

Definition

HSV-2

 

Presents in first 28 days

 

Most mothers have no history of infection

Term
4 Symptoms of Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis
Definition
Fever, lesions, seizure, sepsis
Term

Postnatal Herpes Encephalitis

- most commonly due to HSV-___ ?

- how common?

- who gets it?

Definition

HSV-1

 

most common

 

Age: 5-30 and >50

Term
3 symptoms of Postnatal Herpes Encephalitis
Definition
Fever, headache, focal seizure
Term
How Rabies virus enters the CNS
Definition
Enters through peripheral nerves
Term
Incubation time for the Rabies virus in humans
Definition
20-90 days
Term
How to treat someone exposed to rabies.
Definition
Give rabies immune globulin (passive immunity) + rabies vaccine –4 doses
Term
Common pathogen(s) in brain abscess
Definition
Mixed (includes S. aureus, Strep. viridans, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, Prevotells, fungi)
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