Term
| pH of skin and what causes this pH |
|
Definition
| pH (~5.5—from sebum lipids) |
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Term
2 pathogens that are the most common cause of skin infections.
|
|
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Term
| 4 microbes that are part of normal skin flora |
|
Definition
Proprionibacterium acnes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Micrococci
Anaerobic gram positive cocci |
|
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Term
| The most important factor in the pathogenesis of skin infections |
|
Definition
Damage to skin from:
- Excessive moisture (i.e., sweating, hot tubs)
- Trauma (often trivial)
- Procedures (IV catheters)
- Decreased blood supply (vascular disease)
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What can radiographic imaging tell you about a skin infection. |
|
Definition
| Helps to exclude abscesses. |
|
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Term
| Treat pyoderma skin infection from S. pyogenes with ___ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 4 things you can use to treat pyoderma infection from MSSA (S. aureus) |
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Definition
| antistaph. penicillins, cephalosporins, clindamycin, or macrolides |
|
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Term
| 3 things you can use to treat Community acquired MRSA |
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (aka trim/sulfa, clindamycin, or tetracyclines |
|
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Term
| 4 things you can use to treat hospital acquired MRSA |
|
Definition
| Vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, telavancin |
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Term
| Most common pathogen that causes folliculitis |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Pathogen that causes whirlpool folliculitis |
|
Definition
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Term
What is a furuncle?
Any fever? |
|
Definition
small boil (<1-2cm). Often enlarged
from folliculitis, local irritation, fever less
common |
|
|
Term
What is a carbuncle?
Any fever? |
|
Definition
Carbuncle--larger boil(>2 com) with multiple
“heads”. Often from coalescence of furuncles,
more likely to be associated with fever. |
|
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Term
| Pathogen that causes furuncles and carbuncles |
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Definition
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Term
| For simple furuncles or carbuncles (focal, pustular skin infections) in people who are not at extremes of age, how do you treat them? |
|
Definition
incision and drainage alone
If complicated or extreme of age, give antibiotics too |
|
|
Term
Impetigo:
- what is it
- who gets it
- symptoms
- 2 pathogens that can cause it
|
|
Definition
Superficial--intraepidermal vesicles with exudate that weep and crust. ("honey-crust" lesions)
In children.
NO Fever or systemic signs
S. pyogenes (more common) or S. aureus |
|
|
Term
| What virulence factor is associated with community acquired MRSA that presents with a "spider-bite" looking lesion? |
|
Definition
| Panton-Valentine leukocidin (toxic to neutrophils) |
|
|
Term
Erysipelas
- what is it
- where on body do you get it
- who gets it
- 2 pathogens that cause it |
|
Definition
A form of cellulitis with superficial erythema, edema, sharp border demarcation.
On Face, extremities most common site
In elderly
S. pyogenes (more often) or S. aureus |
|
|
Term
| What layers of the skin are involved in cellulitis? |
|
Definition
| subcutaneous tissue, dermis, and epidermis |
|
|
Term
| 3 most common pathogens that cause cellulitis |
|
Definition
S. aureus and beta-hemolyltic strep most common
In children: facial cellulitis may also be due to Haemophilus influenzae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infection of deep lymphatics
Streaking of erythema along lymphatic channels |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 most common pathogens that cause lymphangitis? |
|
Definition
| S. pyogenes> Herpes simplex |
|
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Term
| The initial approach taken to treat all necrotizing infections |
|
Definition
| early surgery and antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of pathogens that cause necrotizing infections |
|
Definition
Mixed anaerobes/aerobes
Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridia sp. (perfringes most common) |
|
|
Term
Anaerobic cellulitis
- pathogen
- where in body
- 2 characteristics |
|
Definition
- Clostridia or other
- Superficial: dermis and epidermis
- Abundant gas, minimal pain or toxicity
|
|
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Term
Gas gangrene
- pathogen
- where in body
- 2 characteristics
|
|
Definition
- Clostridium
- deep to muscle
- severe pain & toxicity & high mortality |
|
|
Term
Synergistic necrotizing cellulitis
- pathogen
- where in body
- characteristics |
|
Definition
- mixed pathogens
- variable, can spread to muscle
- moderate to severe pain |
|
|
Term
Necrotizing fasciitis
- 2 pathogens
- where in body
- 4 characteristics |
|
Definition
Type 1 = mixed pathogens
Type 2 = Strep. pyogenes
In fascia and overlying tissue
Pain then anesthesia, bullae, spreading necrosis, high mortality |
|
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Term
| 3 examples of infections that can cause Type 1 necrotizing fasciitis (mixed) |
|
Definition
| Diabetic foot infections, decubitus infection, bite wounds |
|
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Term
| Name the disease and pathogen that cause Type 2 necrotizing faciitis |
|
Definition
Toxic shock syndrome
by S. pyogenes |
|
|
Term
| Which type of necrotizing fasciitis can have a foul odor? |
|
Definition
| Type 1 (mixed infections) |
|
|
Term
| Name the product of S. pyogenes that causes necrotizing fasciitis |
|
Definition
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin
high mortality, high bacteremia |
|
|
Term
| 8 things/symptoms needed diagnose Toxic Shock Syndrome |
|
Definition
Group A Strep. from sterile site + Hypotension
AND 2 of the following:
Renal impairment
Coagulopathy
Liver abnormality
ARDS
Tissue necrosis
Rash |
|
|
Term
| 3 things/symptoms needed to diagnose Necrotizing Fasciitis |
|
Definition
Necrosis of soft tissue with involvement of fascia
+
Serious systemic disease (shock, DIC, respiratory, hepatic or renal failure)
+
Streptococcus pyogenes in a normally sterile site |
|
|
Term
| Necrotizing disease vs. cellulitis |
|
Definition
Necrotizing disease:
- Severe pain (followed by anesthesia)
- Rapid swelling/ inflam.
- Bullae
- Necrosis
- TSS
- Elevated CPK
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