Term
| Acute vs. Chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
Chronic is 2+ years of 3+ months of symptoms
|
|
|
Term
| 2 major symptoms of Chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
Productive cough
Decreased FEV |
|
|
Term
| The most common route for acquisition for community acquired pneumonia from all sources is ___ |
|
Definition
| aspiration of oropharyngeal contents |
|
|
Term
| Which type of microbe causes community acquired pneumonia by inhalation and spread along mucous membranes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of microbe causes community acquired pneumonia by hematogenous spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathology of acute bronchitis |
|
Definition
| Hyperemia (increase in bloodflow to) and edema of mucous membranes, reversible |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathology of chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
| Persistent inflamm and increased secretions, swollen glands |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathology of community-acquired pneumonia for each type: lobar, bronchi, and interstitial |
|
Definition
– Lobar-infiltrate within alveoli
– Bronchopneumonia-patchy, distal bronchiole
– Interstitial-inflammation of interstitium |
|
|
Term
| >90% of acute bronchitis are caused by ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Majority of community acquired pneumonia in outpatients is caused by what 4 microbes? |
|
Definition
S. pneumoniae
M. pneumoniae
C. pneumoniae
H. influenzae viruses |
|
|
Term
| Majority of community acquired pneumonia in inpatients is caused by what 4 microbes? |
|
Definition
| S. pneumoniae> H. influenzae> M. pneumoniae> Legionella |
|
|
Term
| Name a major virulence factor for pneumococcal pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 main signs/symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia |
|
Definition
| fever, shaking chill, rusty colored sputum |
|
|
Term
| 2 pathogens associated with community acquired pneumonia in alcoholics |
|
Definition
| S. pneumoniae , anaerobes |
|
|
Term
| 2 pathogens associated with community acquired pneumonia in smokers or people with chronic lung disease |
|
Definition
| S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae |
|
|
Term
| A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia in people with poor dental hygeine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia dealing with plumbing/stagnant water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from birds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from rabbits |
|
Definition
| Francisella tularnesis (tularemia ) |
|
|
Term
| A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from farm animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia from travel in the southwest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pathogen associated with community acquired pneumonia that's spread within families |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 Characteristics of acute bronchitis |
|
Definition
Cough and "cold"
No fever
Lungs clear or rhonchi
Clear CXR |
|
|
Term
| 6 Characteristic of pneumonia |
|
Definition
cough, "flu-like"
dyspnea
chest pain
Increased pulse and resp. rate
Ronchi (consolidation)
Infiltrate on CXR |
|
|
Term
| 2 reasons there's dyspnea in pneumonia |
|
Definition
fluid in alveoli
thickened interstitium |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for community acquired pneumonia vs. acute bronchitis |
|
Definition
No antibiotics for acute bronchitis
Yes for pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Most important factor indicating pneumonia vs. acute bronchitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what mortality risk class (point based) do you admit a patient with pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| Class III and up (71+ points) |
|
|
Term
| The top risk factor predicting drug resistant S. pneumoniae |
|
Definition
| Antimicrobials in the last 3 months |
|
|
Term
| Besides recent antibiotic use, what 5 factors predict resistant strains of S. pnaumoniae? |
|
Definition
Extremes of age
Recently hospitalized
Day cares
Underlying illness or immunodeficient
Institutionalized pt.s |
|
|
Term
| What can you use to treat an outpatient with community acquired pneumonia who was previously healthy and no use of anti-microbials within 3 months? |
|
Definition
A macrolide (-mycin's)
or
Doxycycline |
|
|
Term
| What can you use to treat a person with community acquired pneumonia who is either and inpatient, OR is an outpatient with presence of comorbidities or antimicrobials within 3 months? (2) |
|
Definition
Respiratory fluoroquinolones (-floxacin's)
or
Beta lactam PLUS a macrolide |
|
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