Term
6 viruses that can cause the common cold
+
How to treat |
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Definition
Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza
Respiratory Syncytial (RSV)
Influenza
Symptomatic treatment only |
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Term
| Symptoms and treatment of Viral Pharyngitis |
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Definition
Fever, sore throat, red throat, cervical lymphadenopathy
no antibiotics |
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Term
| 2 important viruses that cause viral pharyngitis |
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Definition
Adenovirus (+ other common cold agents)
Epstein-Barr virus
(also HIV, cytomegalovirus, coxsackievirus, and herpes simplex) |
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Term
| 3 Symptoms of bacterial pharyngitis. |
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Definition
Bacterial:
- sore throat, pain with swallowing
- fever
- blood in secretions |
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Term
7 bacteria that cause pharyngitis
- Which 2 are the most common? |
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Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
mixed anaerobes ( Fusobacterium)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Yersinia enterocolitica (raw milk) |
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Term
2 most common viral causes and 2 most common bacterial causes of Exudative Pharyngitis
Give them in order of most to least common |
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Definition
Viral:
1. Adenovirus
4. Epstein-Barr virus
Bacterial:
2. Streptococcus pyogenes
3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Term
| 4 Differentiating symptoms of steptococcal pharyngitis |
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Definition
SEVERE sore throat
Headache and Abdominal pain
NEVER hoarseness or cough |
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Term
| Which group of strep causes streptococcal pharyngitis, and how is it treated? |
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Definition
Group A
10 days of penicillin (to prevent rheumatic fever) |
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Term
| 3 complications of streptococcal pharyngitis |
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Definition
scarlet fever
rheumatic fever
acute glomerulonephritis |
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Term
Steptococci that cause scarlet fever have what special feature? What are the 2 types of this?
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Definition
streptococci harbor a bacteriophage that
codes for an erythrogenic toxin:
–SPE A
–SPE C |
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Term
3 symptoms of Scarlet Fever
and 1 possible complication froma severe infection |
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Definition
rash, circumoral pallor, strawberry tongue
toxic shock-like syndrome : severe streptococcal infection producing SPE A or SPE B leads to shock, renal impairment and death |
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Term
| Who gets rheumatic fever after streptococcal pharyngitis, and why? |
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Definition
| predisposed persons make antibody to streptococcal M protein that cross-reacts with cardiac and articular antigens |
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Term
| 4 major "Jones Criteria" for diagnosing rheumatic fever |
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Definition
| carditis, arthritis, chorea,erythema marginatum subcutaneous nodules |
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Term
| When rheumatic fever occurs |
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Definition
| occurs 3 weeks after streptococcal pharyngitis |
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Term
When post-strep acute glomerulonephritis occurs for pharyngitis vs. skin infection
+ 1 major sign |
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Definition
10 days after pharyngitis
3 weeks after skin infection
coca cola colored urine |
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Term
| How to treat post-strep acute glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
Don't treat, it spontaneously resolves in weeks
No prophylaxis needed, recurrence is rare |
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Term
| How to treat Rheumatic Fever (4) |
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Definition
penicillin to eradicate infection
aspirin for arthritis
prednisone for carditis
Also, need 20 day penicillin prophylaxis to prevent recurrence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What is Ludwig's angina? (3)
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Definition
Abscess in:
submaxillary space
sublingual space
submandibular space |
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Term
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Definition
| Infections with fever, drooling, and airway obstruction |
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Term
| Who used to get epiglottitis (before vaccines were made) and from what microbe? |
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Definition
Children
From Haemophilus influenzae type b |
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Term
| Who gets epiglottitis today, and from what 2 microbes? |
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Definition
Adults
From:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Term
Laryngotracheobronchitis
- is aka ___
- symptoms in children vs. adults
- when it occurs
- what microbe causes it
- how to treat (2) |
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Definition
- Aka croup
- Children: barking cough and inspiratory stridor
–Adults: laryngitis only
- Fall and Winter
- From Parainfluenza
Mild: symptomatic treatment, humidified air
Severe: steroids |
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Term
| What is Tracheobronchitis? |
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Definition
| Cough that lasts for 3 to 6 weeks without any respiratory distress. |
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Term
| 3 microbes that cause Tracheobronchitis in children |
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Definition
| rhinovirus, parainfluenza, RSV |
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Term
| 2 microbes that cause Tracheobronchitis in adolescents |
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Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and
Chlamydia pneumoniae |
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Term
| 5 microbes that cause Tracheobronchitis in adults |
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Definition
influenza, enteroviruses,
Haemophilus influenzae,
Moraxella catarrhalis
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Term
| How to treat Tracheobronchitis in adults |
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Definition
in healthy adults -humidification and cough suppressants
in chronic disease (COPD) -antibiotics |
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Term
| What problems does respiratory syncytial virus cause? |
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Definition
Bronchiolitis in infants
Can be fatal in premies and babies w/ cardiac/pulm problems |
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Term
| How do we treat respiratory syncytial virus? |
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Definition
passive prophylaxis with monoclonal Ab (Synagis)
ribavirin used for treatment of severe case |
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Term
| 5 signs/symptoms of influenza |
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Definition
Acute onset
High fever
Pharyngitis
Crackles/wheezes in lungs
Low WBC count
NO GI SYMPTOMS |
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Term
| 2 different combination drugs used to treat influenza, and who gets it and when |
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Definition
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)/zanamavir
amantidine/rimantidine in high-risk if
started within 24 hours |
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Term
| 3 microbes that cause acute sinusitis |
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Definition
| pneumococcus, H. flu, streptococci |
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Term
| 2 microbes that cause acute sinusitis to become chronic |
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Definition
| acute sinusitis microbes + staphylococcus and anaerobes |
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Term
2 acute sinusitis symptoms
How to treat mild vs. moderate/sever |
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Definition
- localized facial pain
- purulent nasal drainage (>10 days in kids)
mild: antihistamines
moderate to severe: antibiotics (amoxicillin or
amoxicillin/clavulanate) |
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Term
| 4 chronic sinusitis symptoms |
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Definition
nasal obstruction
poor appetite
night time cough
fatigue |
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Term
| 3 bacteria that cause otitis media |
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Definition
S. pneumoniae
H. flu
M. catarrhalis |
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Term
| How to treat otitis media (4) |
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Definition
antibiotics only
–amoxicillin (80 mg/kg)
–amoxicillin/clavulanate
–cefuroxime
–clarithromycin |
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