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Infection and Immunity 2- Lecture 11
Antiviral agents
26
Medical
Professional
04/29/2013

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Cards

Term
What Acyclovir is used for
Definition
Treats active Herpes infection (not latent)
Term
Describe the MOA for Acyclovir (2)
Definition
It's a guanosine analog that's mostly taken up by the
virus infected cells and incorporated into DNA which terminates synthesis (also inhibits herpes virus' DNA pol)
Term
What is Valacyclovir?
Definition
A prodrug of acyclovir, with better bioavailability
Term
What is Herpetic Whitlow?
Definition
an HSV infection of the finger that is a complication of an oral or genital infection
Term
HSV Encephalitis (in adults) is associated with ___
Definition
HSV-1 (oral infection)
Term
HSV Meningitis is associated with ___
Definition
HSV-2 (genital infection)
Term
What is Ganciclovir used for?
Definition
IV form that is active against all herpes and CMV infections
Term
What are the most common adverse effects associated with Ganciclovir? (2)
Definition

- bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)

-CNS effects (headache, psychosis, convulsions).

Term
What is Foscarnet used for? (3)
Definition
IV form for Herpes (I, II, Varicella, and CMV) even if resistant to Acyclovir and Ganciclovir
Term
What is the MOA for Foscarnet?
Definition
Direct inhibition of DNA polymerase and RT in herpes
Term
3 possible adverse effects of Foscarnet
Definition
Nephrotoxicity , electrolyte abnormalities, CNS toxicity
Term
Who gets Herpes Zoster (age), and what is the purpose of antivirals in treating it?
Definition

 >50 years old

 

To reduce pain

Term
3 drugs you can give to treat the pain of herpes zoster in a non-immunocompromised person.
Definition

Valacyclovir

Famciclovir

Acyclovir

Term
a drug you can give to treat the pain of herpes zoster in an immunocompromised person.
Definition
Acyclovir only
Term
Give a pathogen that undergoes antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Define both terms and how they effect vaccines.
Definition
• Antigenic Drift
o Changes in proteins by genetic point mutation &  selection
o Ongoing and basis for change in vaccine each
year
• Antigenic Shift
o Changes in proteins through genetic reassortment
o Produces different viruses not covered by annual
vaccine
Term
2 drugs used for prophylaxis of influenza
Definition
amantadine or rimantadine
Term
2 drugs used as treatment for influenza
Definition
oseltamivir or zanamivir
Term
Give the MOA for Amantidine and Rimantidine
Definition

Interferes with Influenza A by blocking M2 protein

 

(No activity against type B)

Term
The main difference between Amantidine and Rimantidine
Definition

Children can receive Amantadine, but not Rimantadine

 

(also Amantadine produces more CNS reactions)

Term
Why H1N1 of 2009 was resistant to Amantidine and Rimantidine
Definition

had a point mutation in the M2 protein gene

 

Term
Give the MOA of selective neuraminidase inhibitors
Definition
Treat influenza A and B by inhibiting neuraminidase on the surface of the virus. (prevents the virus from entering cells)
Term
Oseltamivir phosphate is a ___ with activity against ___
Definition

a Selective Neuraminidase Inhibitor

 

against Influenza type A and B, but NOT seasonal H1N1

Term
Zanamivir is a ___ with activity against ___
Definition

a Selective Neuraminidase Inhibitor

 

against Influenza type A and B, AND seasonal H1N1

Term
Do NOT give ___ or ___ to children or teenagers with suspected influenza because it can cause ___
Definition

NO apirin or pepto (has aspirin it it)

 

can cause Reye's syndrome

Term
What does HAART mean when talking about HIV?
Definition
Highly active antiretroviral therapy: taking 3 or more antiretroviral drugs
Term
6 classes of antiretroviral drugs
Definition
1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
2. Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
3. Protease inhibitors (PIs)
4. Entry inhibitors
5. CCR5 receptor antagonists
6. Integrase inhibitors
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