Term
| What Acyclovir is used for |
|
Definition
| Treats active Herpes infection (not latent) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the MOA for Acyclovir (2) |
|
Definition
It's a guanosine analog that's mostly taken up by the
virus infected cells and incorporated into DNA which terminates synthesis (also inhibits herpes virus' DNA pol) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A prodrug of acyclovir, with better bioavailability |
|
|
Term
| What is Herpetic Whitlow? |
|
Definition
| an HSV infection of the finger that is a complication of an oral or genital infection |
|
|
Term
| HSV Encephalitis (in adults) is associated with ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HSV Meningitis is associated with ___ |
|
Definition
| HSV-2 (genital infection) |
|
|
Term
| What is Ganciclovir used for? |
|
Definition
| IV form that is active against all herpes and CMV infections |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common adverse effects associated with Ganciclovir? (2) |
|
Definition
- bone marrow suppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
-CNS effects (headache, psychosis, convulsions). |
|
|
Term
| What is Foscarnet used for? (3) |
|
Definition
| IV form for Herpes (I, II, Varicella, and CMV) even if resistant to Acyclovir and Ganciclovir |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA for Foscarnet? |
|
Definition
| Direct inhibition of DNA polymerase and RT in herpes |
|
|
Term
| 3 possible adverse effects of Foscarnet |
|
Definition
| Nephrotoxicity , electrolyte abnormalities, CNS toxicity |
|
|
Term
| Who gets Herpes Zoster (age), and what is the purpose of antivirals in treating it? |
|
Definition
>50 years old
To reduce pain |
|
|
Term
| 3 drugs you can give to treat the pain of herpes zoster in a non-immunocompromised person. |
|
Definition
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir
Acyclovir |
|
|
Term
| a drug you can give to treat the pain of herpes zoster in an immunocompromised person. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give a pathogen that undergoes antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Define both terms and how they effect vaccines. |
|
Definition
• Antigenic Drift
o Changes in proteins by genetic point mutation & selection
o Ongoing and basis for change in vaccine each
year
• Antigenic Shift
o Changes in proteins through genetic reassortment
o Produces different viruses not covered by annual
vaccine |
|
|
Term
| 2 drugs used for prophylaxis of influenza |
|
Definition
| amantadine or rimantadine |
|
|
Term
| 2 drugs used as treatment for influenza |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give the MOA for Amantidine and Rimantidine |
|
Definition
Interferes with Influenza A by blocking M2 protein
(No activity against type B) |
|
|
Term
| The main difference between Amantidine and Rimantidine |
|
Definition
Children can receive Amantadine, but not Rimantadine
(also Amantadine produces more CNS reactions) |
|
|
Term
| Why H1N1 of 2009 was resistant to Amantidine and Rimantidine |
|
Definition
had a point mutation in the M2 protein gene
|
|
|
Term
| Give the MOA of selective neuraminidase inhibitors |
|
Definition
| Treat influenza A and B by inhibiting neuraminidase on the surface of the virus. (prevents the virus from entering cells) |
|
|
Term
| Oseltamivir phosphate is a ___ with activity against ___ |
|
Definition
a Selective Neuraminidase Inhibitor
against Influenza type A and B, but NOT seasonal H1N1 |
|
|
Term
| Zanamivir is a ___ with activity against ___ |
|
Definition
a Selective Neuraminidase Inhibitor
against Influenza type A and B, AND seasonal H1N1 |
|
|
Term
| Do NOT give ___ or ___ to children or teenagers with suspected influenza because it can cause ___ |
|
Definition
NO apirin or pepto (has aspirin it it)
can cause Reye's syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What does HAART mean when talking about HIV? |
|
Definition
| Highly active antiretroviral therapy: taking 3 or more antiretroviral drugs |
|
|
Term
| 6 classes of antiretroviral drugs |
|
Definition
1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
2. Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
3. Protease inhibitors (PIs)
4. Entry inhibitors
5. CCR5 receptor antagonists
6. Integrase inhibitors |
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|
