Shared Flashcard Set

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Infection and Disease
N/A
39
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
07/08/2010

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Microorganisms on skin (2)
Definition
Staphylococcus and streptococcus
Term
Microorganisms on oral cavity (3)
Definition
Streptococcus, neisseria, haemophilus
Term
Microorganisms on large intestine and rectum (1)
Definition
Escherichia
Term
Microorganism on genital tract (1)
Definition
Streptococcus
Term
Microorganisms on urinary tract (3)
Definition
Fungi: canida
Bacteria: staphyloccucs and streptococcus
Term
Bifidobacterium
Definition
Comes from breast milk, protects the baby from intestinal disease
Term
Pathogenicity
Definition
Describes an organism's ability to cause disease
Term
Virulence
Definition
Measue of how severe disease is

Due to virulence factors, any characteristic of a microorganism which helps cause disease
Term
Infectious Dose (ID)
Definition
The minimum number of bacteria required to cause disease

- Low ID=High virulence
Term
Infectious Dose (ID)
Definition
The minimum number of bacteria required to cause disease

- Low ID=High virulence
Term
Antiphagocytic factors
- Capsule
- Leukocidins
Definition
- Prevents phagocytosis
- WBC toxins
Term
Exoenzymes
Definition
Enzymes secreted by the microbe to cause damage to host cells. They promote the movement of microbes deeper into host tissue
Term
Exotoxin
Definition
Secreted by live cells (gram + or gram -); highly toxic in small amounts
Term
Endotoxin
Definition
Example- lipopolysaccharide
Released by dead Gram - bacteria; toxic in large amounts; fever associated
Term
Sequelae
Definition
Long-term damage to tissues or organs

Example- polio produce paralysis
Term
Endemic
Definition
Disease has a steady frequency over a long period of time in one region
Term
Sporadic
Definition
Few cases over a wide area
Term
Epidemic
Definition
Increase in incidence in population clusters
Term
Pandemic
Definition
Epidemic over many countries
Term
Outbreak
Definition
A sudden increase in incidence
Term
Reservoirs
Definition
Primary habitat in the natural world where a pathogen is found
Term
Asymptomatic carriers
Definition
Infected but show no symptoms
Term
Incubation carriers
Definition
Infected and spread disease during the incubation period
Example- HIV
Term
Convalescent carriers
Definition
Infected, recuperating from disease, but still able to shed microbe
Term
Chronic carriers
Definition
Infected, recovers frlom disease but can still spread disease for a long period of time
Example- herpes and hepatitis
Term
Passive carrier
Definition
A person who picks up a pathogen from one person and gives it to another
Term
Biological vector
Definition
Participates in the pathogen's life cycle
- The biological vector itself becomes infected with the pathogen
- THe pathogen is transmitted via bites, defection

Example- mosquito
Term
Mechanical vector
Definition
Does not participate in the pathogen's life cycle
- Mechanical vector is not infected with the pathogen
Example- housefly
Term
Nonliving reservoirs
Definition
Soil and water: transmit bacteria, protozoa, helminths, fungi

Includes spores, cysts, ova, and larvae
Term
Communicable acquisition and transmission
Definition
Infected host transmits an infectious agent to another host
- Receiving host must become infected
- Contagious: highly communicable infectious disease
Term
Non-communicable acquisition and transmission
Definition
The host acquires the infectious agent from self (normal microbiota invade immunocompromised host) or a non-living reservoir such as the soil
Term
Horizontal transmission
Definition
Disease is spread through a population from one infected person to another
Example- kissing, sneezing, etc
Term
Vertical transmission
Definition
Disease is transmitted from parent to offspring
Example- ovum, sperm, placenta, milk
Term
Droplet
Definition
Transmission via airborne droplets
- Occurs when bacteria or viruses travel on droplets that people sneeze, cough, drip, or exhale
- Travel about 3ft
- Remain infectious for hours
- Examples: cold, flu, strep throat
Term
Fomite
Definition
Indirect transmission of disease
- Any inanimate object capable of carrying pathogens and transmitting them from one person to another
(examples are mops, surgical supplies, toys, makeup, drinking glasses)
Term
Droplet nuclei
Definition
Indirect transmission of disease
- Created when microscopic residue dries up in mucus and saliva. Can be transmitted when coughing or talking (big droplets settle, but droplet nuclei remain airborne)
Term
Aerosols
Definition
Indirect transmission of disease
- Dust or moisture particles that contain microorganisms

Example- psittacosis
Term
Vehicle
Definition
Transmission by an inanimate reservoir that allows growth of the bacteria to occur (food and water)

- Fecal oral transmission route- sewage contaminated drinking water, shellfish swimming in infected water, improper handwashing by food service workers
Term
Nosocomial Infections
Definition
Infections that are acquired or developed from a hospital stay
- There are a high prevalence of drug-resistant microbes in hospitals
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