Term
-trapped mass of sebum (oil) and dead cells clogging pores
-exaggerated keritinization in/around the follicle, blocking the pore
-overproduction of sebum when stimulated by hormones
pore close= whitehead
pore open but blocked with a dark plug of sebum= blackhead
vf: releases lipase to digest the oil surplus, resulting in intense local inflammation
what is it? CC? treatment? |
|
Definition
| acne caused by propionibacterium acnes, treated with face washing, topical antibiotics for large cases |
|
|
Term
-highly contagious and includes fomites
-lesions usually around mouth/face, but can invovle extremeties
-causes the skin to flake or peel off
-appears as peeling skin, crusty/flaky scabs, honey-colored crusts
what is it? CC? treatment? |
|
Definition
| impetigo caused by staph aureus or strep pyogenes, treated topically with antibiotics |
|
|
Term
-dermolytic condition, mostly in newborns and babies
-bullous lesions, desquamation of the skin
-appears as if dunked in boiling water
VF: exfoliative toxin
what is it? caused by? treated with? |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome caused by Staph aureus, treated with handwashing and antibiotics to ensure it doesn't become systemic |
|
|
Term
from punctures/introduction to deeper skin tissue - does not have to be obvious
-fast spreading infection in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues
-lymphangitis (red track lines)
treat with antibiotics (depending on gram-type or fungal) |
|
Definition
| cellulitis caused by staph aureus or strep pyogenes (gram +) or pesteurella multocida, bartonella henselae (gram -) |
|
|
Term
deep skin necrosis, myonecrosis
-anaerobic cellulitis
VF: toxin mediated, anaerobic growth,spores
-diagnose from appearance (black and crunchy), smell (from buteric acid) and gram stain
treat with antibiotics and HBO2
what is it? CC? |
|
Definition
| gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens |
|
|
Term
-endospores enter the skin through small cuts or abrasions
-papule that becomes increasingly necrotic then ruptures to form a black eschar
VF: glutamate capsule and 3 part toxin (PA-EF-LF)
-diagnosis: gram stain (G+ "bamboo rods" spores in culture, no spores in tissue
what is it? CC? |
|
Definition
| anthrax caused by bacillus anthracis |
|
|
Term
-generally mild disease, can be life threatening in immunocompromised people
-fever, abundant rash on scalp, face and trunk
=lesions form macules (flat) and papules (risen) to itchy vesicles filled with clear fluid
-in several days they encrust and drop off
what is it? CC? |
|
Definition
| chicken pox caused by Varicella Zoster Virus or sometimes Herpes HHV-3 |
|
|
Term
virus enters sensory nerves and becomes latent then reemerges
-painful red rash lesions erupt on trunk across nerve lines
-may blister or crust and lasts months
CC: Varicella Zoster Virus
what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
sore throat, dry cough, runny nose, headache, conjunctivitis, lymphangitis, and fever, "Koplik's spots" in mouth
-highly contagious via aerosol
-rash erupts on head and then progresses to the trunk and extremeties until most of the body is covered
-spots appear then turn into red maculopapular, then coalesce
-can lead to encephalitis, pneumonia, or secondary infections
VF: causes syncytia
what is it? CC? |
|
Definition
| measles (also called rubeola) caused by measles virus (Helical RNA, morbilliviridae) |
|
|
Term
-more macular and "milder" than classic Rubeola
-transmitted by respiratory or urine, but less contagious
-Fever, relatively minor rash disease with few complications except...
-hard to recognize in adults as rash may be mild or asymptomatic
-Teratogenic virus
-fetal injury varies depending on the time of infection (vascular, developmental, mitosis issues)
-test for (+) during pregnancy
-self-limiting |
|
Definition
| Rubella (German measles, 3 day measles) |
|
|
Term
"slapped cheek disease"
-spreads on the body but is most prominent on arms, legs, and trunk - high contagion
-maculopapular, blotches run together (aka "lacy" rash)
-Can reoccur/exacerbate during stress
-self limiting
what is it? CC? |
|
Definition
| Fifth disease caused by Parvovirus B19 |
|
|
Term
-maculopapular rash common in babies & toddlers
-High fever followed by "blanching" rash
-Many cases proceed without the rash stage
-"3 day fever"
-By day 4, fever disappears and rash starts
-Rash often starts on trunk instead of head
*push on it, rash will go from white to red*
what is it? CC? |
|
Definition
| Roseola caused by Human Herpesvirus 6 & 7 (HHV-6/7) |
|
|
Term
-Blistery rash common in toddlers (3-5 years)
-Mild malaise, fever and respiratory symptoms (runny nose, sore throat, etc) followed by a blistery rash 1-2 days later
-Most often starts with ulcerative lesions in mouth, then appears on palms and soles and other areas but not as frequent on trunk
-Lesions are often painful and look like popped blisters
-complications: dehydration (unable of swallow because of painful mouth sores), finger or toenail loss, 2 degree infection of open blisters, VERY rare meningitis or encephalitis
What is it? caused by? treated with? |
|
Definition
| Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus A16, it's self limiting.. treat symptoms |
|
|
Term
-papular "pearl-like" lesions on skin
-Central core or plug of white, cheesy, or waxy material
-itching or scratching spreads it into "crops"
-affects children more than adults, adult versions are likely STD
what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-small scaly patches to severe inflammatory reaction to destruction of the skin
-confined to nonliving epidermal tissues
-all beginning with the word tinea
What is it? CC? treatment? |
|
Definition
| ringworm caused by dermatophytes, treated with Miconazole |
|
|
Term
-long term fungal infection of the skin
-patches of discolored (reddish-tan) skin
-often has increased sweating and itching
-organism is related to dandruff cause
-can come from tanning beds that aren't cleaned properly
what is it? CC? treatment? |
|
Definition
| tinea versicolor caused by Malassezia furfur, treated with topical antifungals |
|
|
Term
-an 'inbetween' skin and eye infection
-infection of the sebaceous or lacrimal glands near eye
-painful inflammation, often purulent
-can often progress to/result from conjunctivitis
what is it? CC? treatment? |
|
Definition
| stye often caused by staphylococcus aureus, treated with erythromycin (topically or optically) or by drainage |
|
|
Term
-infection of the conjunctiva
-inflammation of the eye tissue and linings
-bacterial infections = usually milky discharge
-viral infections = usually clear exudate
what is it? 4 CC? |
|
Definition
| conjunctivitis usually caused by staph aureus, strep pyogenes, N. gonorrhoeae, or Chlamydias |
|
|
Term
-infection of the cornea (more serious than conjunctivitis)
-begins almost identical to conjunctivitis
-invasion of deeper eye tissues occurs, can lead to complete corneal destruction
-"gritty" feeling in eye
-corneal clouding, vision deteriorations
-sharp pain and sensitivity to light, 'dendrite formation'
-as inf progresses, HSV deadens the corneal nerve, reducing pain but destroying the corneal surface
what is it? CC? treatment? |
|
Definition
| Keratitis caused by HSV-1, treated with aggressive corticosteroids + acyclovir or valacyclovir or Viroptic |
|
|
Term
-infection of the epithelial cells of the eye
-starts with similar appearance to conjunctivitis + itching
-immune cell accumulation/inflammation, pebbled appearance
-eyelid scarring (white lines/bands/sheets w glistening or fibrous appearance)
-eventually lashes turn inwards and scrape off cornea (trichiasis) and dead cornea clouds
-major cause of blindness in certain parts of the world
-spread by fomites
Dx: lash postition
what is it? CC? |
|
Definition
| trachoma caused by chlamydia trachomatis type A, B, C |
|
|
