Term
-anatomically defined-disease
-headache, stiff neck, fever, and usually an increased number of WBC in the CSF
petechiae, intracranial pressue, bleeding or necrosis, stroke, seizures
-bacterial can be serious.. brain damage, hearing loss, learning disabilities
-viral may be self-limiting
-transmittable via coughing, kissing, sneezing (prolonged or intimate contact but not casual)
What is it? how do we treat it? |
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Definition
| meningitis treated with 3rd gen or higher cephalosporins, usually steroids are given to children |
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Term
sever stiffness of the hamstrings that causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees
-sign of meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed
-sign of meningitis |
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Definition
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Term
Gram(-)"kidney bean shaped" diplococci
VF: pili, capsule, LPS (superantigen toxin)
-sudden onset of high fever + 'flu-like'
-weakens endothelial, leading to BBB permeability
-edema and WBC involvment: IC pressure, thrombosis, and damage
-causes the most serious form of acute bacterial meningitis
-can also develop complications and other manifestations within hours (Meningococcemia, Waterhouse-Friderchsen Syndrome)
30-50% mortality rate
what is it? treat with? |
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Definition
| Neisseria Meningitidis, treat with Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin |
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Term
Systemic N.meng infection of the bloodstream, LPS
-fever, rash, joint pain, diffuse Intravascular coagulation (DIC), shock, death within hours |
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Definition
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Term
| N.meng infection of the adrenal glands |
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Definition
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome |
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Term
Gram(+) "lancet shaped" diplococci
-most frequent cause of community acquired meningitis
-99% similar to N.meng, but no petechiae (hemorrhagic spots on skin)
-1/3 of survivors will have neurological deficits
-many different types, type 3 is worst
vaccine available: Prevnar and Pneumovax |
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Definition
| Meningitis caused by strep. pneumo |
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Term
tiny Gram(-) pleomorphic rods
-nasopharynx pathogen
-causes severe meningitis
-leading cause of otitis media
-opportunistic pathogen
-was the main causative agent of disease but now there's a vaccine
what is it? treatment? |
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Definition
| Haemophilus influenza treated with Cefotaxime |
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Term
Gram(+), varies in shape
-food-borne pathogen, "the Hot Dog Bug", resistant to cold
-in normal adults: diarrhea, mild infection with symptoms of fever and sore throat
-in elderly or immunocomp patients, fetuses, or neonates: affects the brain/meninges and septicemia
what is it? treatment? |
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Definition
| listeria monocytogenes treated with ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
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Term
Neonatal bacterial meningitis has two very common causes:
1) _________: Gram(+) cocci in short chains, looks similar to L.monocytogenes but nonmotile
-also causes RDS in infants and puerperal sepsis (childbed fever) in mother
-if you are pregnant you will be tested for this
2) _______:Gram(-) rods, from fecal flora contamination, ID (+) indole test
what are they? treatments? |
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Definition
1) streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep)treat with penicillin G plus aminoglycosides
2) E.coli treated with cefotaxime plus aminoglyosides |
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Term
-"gummy" skin rash
more chronic form of meningitis with gradual onset of symptoms, a lot of
time with respiratory inf.
-may be associated with birds or decaying plant matter
-fungal meningitis
what is it? treatment? |
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Definition
| Crytococcus neoformans treated with Amphotericin B and fluconazole |
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Term
fungus causing secondary meningitis
-usually begins with pulmonary infection prior to meningitis
-found in soil in SW USA
-"bag of coins" and "blocky spores" appearance microscopically
what is it? treatment? |
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Definition
| Coccidioides immitis treated with Amphotericin B or oral or IV itraconazole |
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