Term
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Definition
| the emrgence of new structures and functions in the course of development |
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Term
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Definition
| reproductive cells - egg and sperm - that contain only half the genetic material of all the other cells in the body |
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Definition
| the union of an egg from the mother and a sperm from the father |
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Definition
| the name given to the developing organism from the 3rd to 8th week of prenatal development |
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Term
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Definition
| the name given to the developing organism from the 9th week to birth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| embryonic cells, which can develop into any type of body cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that because of our common evolutionary history, humans share many characteristics, behaviors, and developmental processes with other animals, especially mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| genetically programmed cell death |
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Term
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Definition
| twins that result from splitting in half of the zygote |
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Term
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Definition
| twins that result when two eggs happen to be released into the fallopian tube at the same time and are fertilized by two different sperm; have only half their genes in common |
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Term
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Definition
| a groove formed in the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo that eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| a transparent, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| a support organ for the fetus; it keeps the circulatory systems of the fetus and mother separate, but as a semipermeable membrane permits the exchange of some materials between them (oxygen and nutrients from mother to fetus and carbon dioxide and waste products from fetus to mother) |
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Term
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Definition
| a tube containing the blood vessels connecting the fetus and placenta |
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Term
| cephalocaudal development |
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Definition
| the pattern of growth in which areas near the head develop earlier than areas farther from the head |
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Term
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Definition
| a simple form of learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated or continued stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| an external agent that can cause damage or death during prenatal development |
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Term
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Definition
| the period of time during which a developing organism is most sensitive to the effects of external factors; prenatally, the sensitive period is when the fetus is maximally sensitive to the harmful effects of teratogens |
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Term
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Definition
| a relation in which the effect of exposure to an element increases with the extent of exposure (prenatally, the more exposure a fetus has to a potential teratogen, the more severe its effect is likely to be) |
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Term
| fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) |
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Definition
| the harmful effects of maternal alcohol consumption on a developing fetus. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) involves a range of effects, including facial deformities, mental retardation, attention problems, hyperactivity, and other defects. Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) is a term used for individuals who show some, but not all, of the standard effects of FAS |
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Term
| SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) |
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Definition
| the sudden, unexpected death of an infant less than 1 year of age that has no identifiable cause |
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Term
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Definition
| level of arousal and engagement in the environment, ranging from deep sleep to intense activity |
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Term
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Definition
| an active sleep state characterized by quick, jerky eye movements under closed lids and associated with dreaming in adults |
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Term
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Definition
| a quiet or deep sleep state characterized by the absense of motor activity or eye movements and regular, slow brain waves, breathing, and heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that brain activity during REM sleep in the fetus and newborn facilitates the early development of the visual system |
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Term
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Definition
| a soothing technique, used in many cultures, that involves wrapping a baby tightly in cloths or a blanket |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive, inconsolabe crying by a young infant for no apparent reason |
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Term
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Definition
| death during the first year after birth |
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Term
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Definition
| a birth weight of less that 5.5 pounds (2500 grams) |
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Term
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Definition
| any child born at 35 weeks after conception or earlier (as opposed to the normal term of 38 weeks) |
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Term
| small for gestational age |
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Definition
| babies that weight substantially less than is normal for whatever their gestational age |
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Term
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Definition
| successful development in spite of multiple and seemingly overwhelming developmental hazards |
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