Term
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Definition
| the processing of basic information from the external world by the sensory receptors in the sense organs (eyes, ears, skin, etc.) and brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information |
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Term
| preferential-looking technique |
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Definition
| a method for studying visual attention in infants that involves showing infants two patterns or two objects at a time to see if the infants have a preference for one over the other |
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Term
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Definition
| the sharpness of visual discrimination |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to detect differences in light and dark areas in a visual pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| the light-sensitive neurons that are highly concentrated in the fovea (the central region of the retina) |
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Term
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Definition
| the perception of objects as being of constant size, shape, color, etc. in spite of physical differences in the retinal image of the object |
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Term
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Definition
| the identification of separate objects in a visual array |
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Term
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Definition
| a depth cue in which an object occludes increasingly more of the background, indicating that the object is approaching |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between the retinal image of an object in each eye that results in two slightly different signals being sent to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the visual cortex combines the differing neural signals caused by binocular disparity, resulting in the perception of depth |
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Term
| monocular or pictorial cues |
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Definition
| the perceptual cues of depth (such as relative size and interposition) that can be perceived by one eye alone |
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Term
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Definition
| perception of the location in space of a sound source |
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Term
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Definition
| the combining of information from two or more sensory systems |
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Term
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Definition
| innate, fixed patterns of action that occur in response to particular stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| clumsy, swiping movements by young infants toward the general vicinity of objects they see |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to move oneself around in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the attempt by a young child to perform an action on a miniature object that is impossible due to the large discrepancy in the relative sizes of the child and the object |
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Term
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Definition
| the extraction from the constantly changing stimulation in the environment of those elements that are invariant, or stable |
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Term
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Definition
| the possibilities for action offered by objects and situations |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of learning that consists of associating an initially neutral stimulus with a stimulus that always evokes a particular reflexive response |
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Term
| unconditioned stimulus (US) |
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Definition
| a stimulus that evokes a reflexive response |
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Term
| unconditional response (UR) |
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Definition
| a reflexive response that is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus |
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Term
| conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| the neutral stimulus that is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus |
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Term
| conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| the originally reflexive response that comes to be elicited by the conditioned stimulus |
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Term
| instrumental or operant conditioning |
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Definition
| learning the relation between one's own behavior and the consequences that result from it |
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Term
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Definition
| a reward that reliably follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure used to study infant cognition in which infants are shown an event that should evoke surprise or interest if it violates something the infant knows or assumes to be true |
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