DMFT

# of people examined

FNM(filling needs met)=    F       

                                total DMFT

_______D____________

total DMFT

it indicates treatment required for unmet filling needs

_____M_______

Total DMFT

indicates # of teeth lost by decay

__D, or M, or F________

# of people examined

a method for reporting root caries

measures the severity of disease and delineates the true intraoral population at risk (the denominator)

key: R-D is root surface with decay

R-F is root surface filled

R-N is root surface that is sound

______(R-D) + (R-F)  X 100 =RCI

(R-D) +(R-F) + (R-N)

(so all surfaces added in denominator)

Gingival Index

GI

*reversible index

*used to determine severity of gingivitis in population

*Often used for controlled clinical trials/

therapeutic agents

Scored 0-3 assigned to four gingival scoring units

M, D, B, L a probe is used, scores are added for each tooth then divided by 4 (this gives average per tooth)

0-normal

1-mild, slight color change, slignt edema, no bleeding

2-moderate, red, edema, BOP

3- marked redness and edema; ulceration; tendency to spontaneously bleed

SBI

Sulcus Bleeding Index

detects early gingivitis 

Calibration of examiners crucial

results detected by frequency score

blunt probe used B, L, M, D observed for 30 seconds

0-5 scale used

0.1-1.0 Mild gingivitis

1.1-2.0 Moderate gingivitis

2.1-3.0 Severe gingivitis

Difficult to replicate

0 – healthy

1 – healthy papillary; marginal gingiva no change; bleeding from sulcus on probing

2 – BOP & change of color

3 – BOP, change of color, slight edematous swelling

4 –BOP, change in color, obvious swelling

5 – bleeding on probing, obvious marked swelling, possible spontaneous bleeding

PDI

Periodontal Disease Index

measures prevalence and severity of periodontal disease

used in longitudinal studies

used for clinical trials for therapuetic  or preventive procedures

measures 6 teeth: 3, 6, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28

used to assess:

gingival sulcus

gingival sulcus depth

calculus

plaque

occlusal and incisal attrition, mobility and lack of contact

0-absence of inflammation

1-mild gingival changes

2- mild to moderate gingivitis extends around the tooth

3- severe gingivitis, very red, bleeding and ulceration

4- 4mm pockets

5- 6mm pockets from CEJ

6- more than 6mm pockets from CEJ

CPITN

Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs

WHO (world health organization)

Facilitates rapid assessment of mean disease status of a population of various grades of periodontal involvement

assesses:

1.  presence or absence of gingival bleeding

2. calculus

3. pockets

Requires banded lightweight PSR probe with a ball tip end

black band between 3.5-5.5mm

evaluates sextants

-for teens under 19 evaluate

3, 8, 14, 19, 24, 30

-for adults evaluate all teeth in sextant

Codes for CPITN

with PSR probe

Code 0-  Colored area of probe is completeley visible in deepest pocket of sextant.  No calculus, no defective margins.  healthy gingival tissues.

Code 1- Colored area of probe remains completely visible in deepest crevice of sextant.  no calculus, no defective margins.  Slight BOP after gentle probing.

Code 2- colored area of probe remains completely visible in deepest probe depth in sextant.  Supra gingival calculus is present, and defective margins are present.

Code 3-  Colored area of probe remains partly visile in deepest probe depth in sextant

Code 4- Colored area of probe completely dissapears, indicating probe depth of greater than 5.5 mm.

Code * - denotes clinical abnormalities such as furcation involvment, mobility, MJG problems, recession extending to the colored area of probe (3.5mm or greater)

Code X- denotes edentulous sextant

OHI -S

oral hygiene index (simplified)

reversible

measures 6 teeth:

-1st fully erupted tooth distal to the 2nd premolar in each quadrant (facial and lingual)

- Maxillary Right and Mandibular left centrals

measures Debris and calculus

OHI-S

measurement breakdown

Soft debris scored:

0=no debris

1,2, or 3 (if covering more than 2/3 of the tooth)

calculus scored:

0=no calculus

1,2, or 3 (if supra is covering more than 2/3 or continuous heavy bands of sub on some teeth)

PLI

Plaque index score

* used in conjunction with GI commonly

assesses the extent of soft deposits

useful for longitudinal studies

M, D, B, L examined

Four plaque scores obtained & sum of four scores divided by 4 (score for each tooth obtained)

Score for each person obtained by adding all teeth scores and dividing by number of teeth examined

rate 0-3 (0 for good, 3 for poor)

PHP

patient hygiene performance

Six teeth evaluated: 3,8, 14, 19, 24, 30

Teeth divided into 5 areas

0, 1, 2, 3 (0 excellent, 3 poor)

score is assigned to individual base on most effected tooth

rated 0-4 (0 normal, 4 is severe)

0- normal

0.5- questionable

1.0- very mild

2.0-mild

3.0- moderate

4.0- severe

developed by ASTTD (Association of State and Teritorial Dental Directors)

it measures tooth retention /person

 can also assess:

• Tooth type

Cause (decay, perio, trauma, congenital, ortho)

Obtained by death certificates collected through the National Vital Statistics System within the National Center for Heath Statistics (NCHS)

Second measurement tracks earliest stage of diagnosis

includes:

cleft lip and palate

crowding and spacing

diastemas

largest anterior irregularities (rotation/ displacement)

anterior open bite/ overjet

anterior / molar relationships

clicking

tenderness on palpation

reduced jaw mobility on opening

assess to oral health services

-fluoride

-assesses how many times/year for dental cleanings

-quality of life

-infrastructure, capacity and resources

flouride in water

used to be .7-1.2 ppm now it is just .7ppm

it is determined by mean daily temp

Warmer areas have less fluoride added to public water systems to account for higher intake of water per day

managed by the CDC and state and tribal fluoridation managers.