Term
|
Definition
| meeting needs of present without compromising ability of future generations to meet their own needs |
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Term
| Concentration of Indoor Air Pollutants Vs. Outdoors |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of the world's energy do US commercial and residential buildings use? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| worldwide ecological footprint per person |
|
Definition
| 4.5 biologically productive acres |
|
|
Term
| US ecological footprint per person |
|
Definition
| 24 biologically productive acres |
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Term
| How many earths are needed to sustain US lifestyle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where should one avoid building? |
|
Definition
wetlands
hillsides
floodplains |
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Term
|
Definition
| leading-edge system for certifying design, construction, and operations of the greenest buildings in the world |
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|
Term
| What does LEED stand for? |
|
Definition
| LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN |
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Term
|
Definition
| Green, Silver, Gold, and Platinum |
|
|
Term
| What effect does the tilt of the Earth hold on climate? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the horizontal angular position of an object in the sky (or above the horizon) measured east or west of south (northeast = 135°E; southwest = 45°W; south = 0°; north = 180°) |
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Term
|
Definition
the vertical angular position of an object in the sky above the horizon (horizon = 0°; vertical =
90°) |
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Term
|
Definition
| directly overhead; 90° altitude angle. |
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|
Term
| purpose of sundials in architectural models? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| allowing both shade and sunlight to enter through a window of a building at repective times |
|
|
Term
| heat transfer and the human body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do humans excrete the most heat from their bodies? |
|
Definition
radiation, convection, conduction (72%)
evaporation from skin (15%) |
|
|
Term
| how does the human body remove excess heat? |
|
Definition
| radiation, convection, and conduction (72%) |
|
|
Term
| How does the body alter blood supply in order to mantain homestasis? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
“Thermal comfort is the condition of mind that
expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment;
it requires subjective evaluation.” |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| electromagnetic spectrum of light (rainbow colors) |
|
|
Term
| factors in thermal comfort |
|
Definition
• Air temperature (ta)
• Mean Radiant Temperature (tr
)
• Relative Humidity (rh)
• Air Speed
• Clothing (clo)
• Metabolic Rate (met) |
|
|
Term
| is their a small window available for thermal comfort? |
|
Definition
“Thermal comfort is possible in a
wide range of conditions,
provided adaptive behavior is
possible.” |
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Term
| Is the air cleaner indoors or outdoors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| concentration of indoor air pollutants to outdoor air pollutants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much time do people in industrialized nations spend their time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indoor Air Pollutant Trio |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some organ systems at a higher risk of negative exposure due to high concentrations of indoor air pollutants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Top Sources of Indoor Air Pollution |
|
Definition
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
• Biological Agents
• Volatile Organic Compounds |
|
|
Term
| true false: building materials ranging from carpet to paint ect. have many compounds that affect indoor air quality |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
“radiant energy that is capable of exciting
the human retina and creating a visual sensation”
or simply “visually evaluated radiant energy.” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
“a unit of frequency equal to one cycle per
second” (e.g. 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| frequency of musical tones. |
|
|
Term
| are human beings capable of seeing most rays of light? |
|
Definition
| no only electromagnetic waves |
|
|
Term
| can human beings see all kinds of electromagnetic radiation? |
|
Definition
There is much more electromagnetic radiation
present in the atmosphere than is perceivable by
the human eye. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| energy from electromagnetic radiation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| measure of radiant energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
“Measurement of radiation in terms
of human visual response.” |
|
|
Term
| is the eye a relatively simple organ? |
|
Definition
| NO, there are a system of muscles, rods, cones, and parts that function together |
|
|
Term
| What was significant about the AMES room? |
|
Definition
false cues to distance will break size constancy.
(IESNA Handbook, 9th Edition) |
|
|
Term
| 3 factors in visual acuity: THE OBSERVER |
|
Definition
- Condition of the eyes
- Adaptation level
- Fatigue leve |
|
|
Term
| what are some common refractive errors? |
|
Definition
myopia (nearsightedness)
hyperopia (farsightedness)
astigmatism (lens imbalance)
presbyopia (lack of adjustment) |
|
|
Term
| Factors in Visual Acuity: THE TASK |
|
Definition
- Size
- Contrast
- Brightness
- Exposure time |
|
|
Term
| Factors in Visual Acuity: Lighting Condition |
|
Definition
- Illumination level
- Glare |
|
|
Term
| Luminous Intensity (units and definition) |
|
Definition
(candela, or cd)
power or luminous
energy of a light source |
|
|
Term
| Luminous Flux (units and definition) |
|
Definition
(lemen or lm)
the quantity of luminous
energy falling on one square unit of the sphere's surface |
|
|
Term
| Illuminance (definition and units) |
|
Definition
(lux, or lx)
the concentration of luminous flux
falling on a surface, i.e. the incident flux per unit area
(lm/m2 ) |
|
|
Term
| Luminance (units and definition) |
|
Definition
(candelas/ sq. meter or cd/m2)
“reflected light”, relates directly to brightness, i.e. the visual effect
that illumination produces |
|
|
Term
| Recommended Maximum Luminance Ratios |
|
Definition
1 to 1/3 - Between task and adjacent surroundings
1 to 1/10 - Between task and more remote darker surfaces
1 to 10 - Between task and more remote lighter surfaces
1 to 20 - Between surfaces and luminaires
1 to 40 - Anywhere within the normal field of view |
|
|
Term
| should architects rely solely on what kind of lighting technique? |
|
Definition
| No, they should aim for usage of layered zones of electric and natural lighting for total illuminance |
|
|
Term
| What 3 properties affect perception? |
|
Definition
| sources (sound), receivers(to hear), interventers (to block -wall) |
|
|
Term
| frequency (units and definition) |
|
Definition
the number of ties the cycle of
compression and rarefaction of air occurs in a given
unit of time, usually expressed in Hertz (Hz) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the distance between similar points on
successive waves, or the distance the sound travels
in one cycle; (meters/feet) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the strength of a sound (not loudness),
usually expressed as a sound pressure level (SPL), or
sound intensity level, or intensity level (IL). |
|
|
Term
| does a certain source allow for better sound/ travel through it? |
|
Definition
| yes. open sources (air) allow for a more open path than dense sources (aluminum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
I= Intensity (power) ... (Watts/cm^2)
P = acoustic power ...(watts)
A = Area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dB = intensity level
I = intensity (watts/ cm^2)
Io = base (threshold of hearing)
log = logarithm to base 10 |
|
|
Term
| degree of intensity vs. intensity level |
|
Definition
0.0000000000000001 W/ cm^2 = 0 db
while
0.001 W/ cm^2 = 130 db |
|
|
Term
| degree of intensity vs. intensity level |
|
Definition
| degree of intensity vs. intensity level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rate of energy conversion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy unit measuring potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
…the fundamental architectural problem becomes
visible only in the house ravaged by fire… |
|
|
Term
| How are life safety systems determined? |
|
Definition
Life Safety Systems are determined by a
combination of use, occupancy +
construction type |
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