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A morpheme that can stand on its own or by itself Without suffixes and prefixes |
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| a morpheme that must be attached to another element |
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| its the ideal way that language is spoken |
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- production of actual utterances, conditioned by memory limitation and errors
- how humans actually talk despite the rules of language
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| Rules of grammar and spelling |
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| the way that grammar is used |
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| are arbitrary, no meaning |
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has meaning, necessary, universal in meaning ROAD SIGNS |
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| arbitrariness of sound and meaning pairings |
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- different languages associate different sounds and words
- example: cockadoodle doo
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| your native grammar affect how you perceive the world |
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| serve only in connecting words in a sentence and have a particular meaning |
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| conceptual or substantive lexicon |
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| all the words that correspond concepts, have meaning |
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idea that concepts have a specific statements to quantify them, looking for specific characteristics |
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the idea that there is a prototypical example of a concept BIRD --> Robin |
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| core and periphery of concept |
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there is a core of a concept like a ROBIN and the periphery like an OSTRICH |
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| when one word has two or more related meanings |
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| ways that concepts and words are related by meaning |
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words that are on the same level like apple and orange |
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words that are found together house, roof, lawn, yard based on experience, can vary in different cultures |
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higher level words hypernym |
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| words that are found that are lower, a subclass, more specific |
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| words that have same meaning |
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| the smallest unit of language |
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An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a base morpheme such as a root or to a stem, Affixes - Prefixes (attached before another morpheme)
- Suffixes (attached after another morpheme)
- Infixes (inserted within another morpheme)
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functional words; they provide connection for words in sentence but do not have any obvious meaning Ex. The, And, Be, (articles) |
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- a conceptual words, they have meaning[image]
- substantive words
Example: banana |
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| smaller parts of words or originate from a word, keeping a base |
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- two or more words to form another word
- not necessarily compositional
- headed from the right
- left side bears the stress
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| the way that compounds are composed, reflect the meaning of the word, same rules a compound, left stress, right headed |
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| endocentric compound words |
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| words where the head of the word is identifiable |
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| exocentric compound words |
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| words where the head is not obvious or necesarily identifiable |
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- head determines both the category and what the compound is about - it is always on the right |
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| categorizing words into nouns, verbs, etc. |
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