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| noticed that plants tend to occur in repeated groups of communities, where there were similar environmental conditions. also described the similar effects that altitude and latitude have on spp. occurrence (climbing a mountain in the tropics is analogous to travel from the equator to temperate zones...(1769-1859 |
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| Andrew Benson & James A. Bassham |
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| Showed that several long-day plants and biennals could be made to flower by treatment with gibberellin, even when the plants were grown under the wrong photoperiod |
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| Thought plants' food came from soil |
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| Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (1778-1841) |
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| who invented the word "taxonomy", added another category-division-to designate groups of classes in the plant kingdom |
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| Discovered transposons or jumping genes (late 1940s) |
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| experiment showed that PS has two stages: light dependent and light independent |
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| Showed that water, and not C O2 was the source of O2 in photosynthesis (1930s) |
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| Carlos Miller Folke Skoog |
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| Isolated and named cytokinins |
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| Geologist, influenced Darwin a lot. Proposed that the Earth was a lot older than postulated... |
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| Demonstrated ethylene was the active component of the illuminating gas that caused tree defoliation (1901) |
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| Showed that photosynthesis has a light-dependent and a light independent phase (1905) |
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| Xray evidence for helix structure of DNA |
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| Isolated and named Auxin (1926) and demonstrated its influence in phototropism |
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| Independently showed that in a large population with random mating, and in the absence of forces that change the proportions of alleles, the original ratio of dominant and recessive alleles will be retained over time (generations). 1908 |
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| Pioneer work to understand heredity (1870s) |
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| discovered the know known vernalization |
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| Important work to understand polygenic inheritance (more than 1 gene controls characters, there is a continuous variation in phenotypes) |
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| Showed that the leaf perceived the light, which caused the bud to flower. Discovered that if the period of darkness is interrupted by as little as a one-minute exposure to light from a 25-watt bulb, flowering does not occur. Interruption of the light period by darkness has absolutely no effect on flowering. |
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| Heirich Matthaei Marshall Nirenberg |
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| Performed the experiments that proved the existence of three-nucleotide or triplet codons (~ 1963) |
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| Reaction showed that O2 could be released in the absence of CO2 if exposed to light |
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| Purified Penicillin, in 1938 |
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| First to describe sympatric speciation due to autopolyploidy (early 1900s) |
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| Found air was restored only in the presence of light, thought the O2 came from CO2 |
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| Described light wavelengths |
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| First to show that soil alone doesn't nourish plants-experiment growing plants for 5 years and weighting the plant had gained and the soil had loose. Since the plant had gained a lot more weight than the soil, water was also important to plant nutrition. (late 1500) |
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| Noticed that diurnal movements continue even when the plants are kept in dim light |
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| (1744-1829) proposed inheritance of acquired traits and lots of other important work (that are not in the book!) |
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First to interpret the idea of free-energy in physical systems. G = H - S (Changes in free-living energy in the system = changes in
temperatures ␣ changes in entropy). G was used as a symbol after Gibbs |
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| Julius von Sachs, Wolgang Hagemann, Donald Kapla |
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| Important in the elaboration of the "organismal theory␣␣- that consider the importance of the qhole organism and was opposed to the cell theory, which stated that organisms were composed by independent, differentiated cells (latter 19th century) |
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| Showed that ptns sometimes take a form of a helix and proposed DNA could do the same. |
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| Showed that tendrils can store the 'memory' of tactile stimulation |
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| Elucidated C4 photosynthetic pathway |
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| Mario Molina Sherwood Rowland Paul Crutzen |
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| Proposed the hypothesis that CFC reacts with ozone and its was causing ozone layer depletion (1985) |
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| Traced, using heavy oxygen isotopes that the O2 released during photosynthesis comes from the water molecules. (1941) |
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| Rosalind Franklin co-worker |
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| Light is small portion of electromagnetic spectrum |
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| Using prism, separated light into spectrum of visible colors |
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| Niles Eldredge Stephen Jay Gould |
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| Proposed the punctuated equilibrium model (1972) |
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| Niles Eldredge Stephen Jay Gould |
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| Proposed the punctuated equilibrium model (1972) |
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| Nobel prize in 1970 for developing a high yield wheat variety |
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| Proteins can form helix, held by H bonds |
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| His experiments were important to elucidate Oxidative phosphorilation pathways(1960s). Oxidative phosphorilation depends on a H+ gradient across mitochondrial membrane, generated by proton pumps. This gradient provide energy to ATP synthesis. He coined the term Chemiosmotic coupling referring to AT synthesis |
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| Found that plants could "restore" the air near a burned candle (took up the CO2 from combustion) |
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| Supported Neil's finding-chloroplast could make photosynthesis w/ no C O2 but with another electron acceptor |
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| The distances between rungs of DNA determined by X-ray diffraction |
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| Determined the distances between monomers in DNA Alfa-helix using X- ray. Work that was essential to understand DNA structure in 1953 |
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| produced proteins that aggregated into cell-like bodies in water. Which helped sustain the theory that life originated in primitive Earth in result to the tendency of organic molecules to assemble together. |
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| Elucidated Citric Acid Cycle in respiration, also known as Krebs (1937) |
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| Descovered that Penicilium (fungi) killed a staphylococcus (bact) colony! 1928 |
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| In the early eighteenth century an English physician who noted that plants "imbibe" a much greater amount of water than animals |
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| Theophrastus (370-285 BC) |
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| Was a student of Aristotle's and is known as the father of botany, classified all plants on the basis of form: trees, shrubs, undershrubs and herbs |
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| Wrote Essay on the Principle of population in 1798, which influenced both Darwin and Wallace to develop their theory on selection of the fittest. |
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| Important work on plant micropropagation to discover cell totipotency |
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| Showed that plants could be grown in water solution w/ minerals (soil is not necessary) (1850s-1860s). important to the development of micropropagation... |
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| W. w. garner and H. A. Allard |
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| The effect of day length on flowering was discovered some seventy-five years ago |
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| "Discovered" double-helix structure of DNA |
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| demonstrated that auxin migrates from the light side to the dark side utilizing a piece of glass placed between the lighted and the dark side. Therefore, movement of auxin |
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| growth experiment showed that food wasn't from soil, thought it came from water instead |
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| Studied purple sulfur bacteria, and extrapolated that H2O was the source of O2 in PS |
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| His discovery of a potent growth factor in coconut milk had two effects: (1) it gave impetus to studies of isolated plant tissues, (2) it launched the search for another major group of plant growth regulators |
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| discovered that the dormant buds of ash and potatoes contain large amounts of a growth inhibitor, which he called dormin |
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| reported the discovery in leaves and fruits of a substance capable of accelerating abscission, which he called abscisin |
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| First discovered autopolyploidy during his investigation of the genetics of the evening primrose |
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