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Important People
Important people and what they did
26
Psychology
12th Grade
04/13/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Francis Galton
Definition
Personality and ability depend almost entirely on genetic inheritance
Term
Alfred Adler
Definition

Neo-Freudian

Childhood social tensions, not sexual, are important for personality development

Inferiority complex

Term
Carl Jung
Definition

Understanding the psyche through art, philosophy, religion, and dreams

Archetypes

Term
Gordon Allport
Definition

Three levels of personality traits:

Cardinal trait: dominant trait that makes up your life

Central trait: common to everyone

Secondary trait: situational

 

Term
Albert Ellis
Definition

Rational Emotive Theory

Changing client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior or emotions

Humanistic

Term
Noam Chomsky
Definition

Humans have an inborn native ability to develop language

Universal grammar

Term
Lawrence Kohlberg
Definition

Theory of Moral Development

Pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional

Term
Carol Gilligan
Definition

Disagreed with Kohlberg by saying his theory only took boys into account

Said girls develop morally differently (more based on social relationships)

Term
Hans Eysenck
Definition

Personality theory based on genes

Extroversion and Introversion

Term
Mary Cover Jones
Definition

worked with Watson

Systematic Desensitization: slowly relax yourself until you have no anxiety in the situation

Term
Lewis Terman
Definition

Revised Binet's test and established norms for American children

Stanford-Binet

Term
Herman Rorschach
Definition

Developed one of the first projective personality tests

Inkblot test: projects personality by describing thoughts about the blot

Term
Simon Asch
Definition

Study of conformity (Line test)

Saw if people would conform to the wrong answer even though they knew it was wrong

Term
Stanley Milgram
Definition

Obedience study

Normal people can do terrible things (shocking people)

Term
Karen Horney
Definition

Critical of Freud: based too much on sexual conflict and unconscious

Personality is molded by CURRENT fears and impulses

Term
Martin Seligman
Definition

Learned helplessness

Dogs + unavoidable shock = LH

Positive Psychology: based more on positive aspects of LH

Term
Hermann Ebbinghas
Definition

First scientific studies on forgetting

Rapid loss followed by gradual, declining loss

Term
Clark Hull
Definition

Drive Reduction Theory

All motivation is aimed at reducing a drive state

Hunger, thirst, being tired

Term
Walter Cannon
Definition

Gastric Activity is the basis of hunger

Inserted balloons in subjects stomachs

Term
Ernst Weber
Definition

First study of Just Noticeable Difference

The JND between two stimuli is a constant fraction of the intensity of the standard stimulus

I.E: the bigger or more intense the standard, the larger increment needed to get a noticeable difference

Term
Gustav Fechner
Definition
Fechner's Law: states that the magnitude of sensory experience is proportional to the number of JNDs that the stimulus causing the experiences above absolute
Term
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Definition

Terminally ill go through 5 stages

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Term
Robert Zajonc
Definition
Mere Exposure Effect: just being exposed to something makes you have a preference for it but you don't know why
Term
David McClelland
Definition
Thematic Apperception Test: look at pictures and tell what's going on--tells something about you
Term
Paul Ekman
Definition
Universal Facial Expressions
Term
Phineas Gage
Definition

First person to have a frontal lobotomy by accident

Information on emotion changes

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