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| first speculated about the relatedness of organisms |
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| first tried to classify organisms |
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| disproved spontaneous generation |
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| first observed protists, called them animalcules |
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| founded the binomial naming system |
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| wrote An Essay on the Principles of Populations, an economic book that spoke about competition; influenced Charles Darwin |
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| founded paleontology; proved that fossils were related to living organisms; founded idea of extinction |
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| founded idea of natural selection; wrote Origin of Species |
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| founded laws of heredity; didn't know about DNA at the time |
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| discovered that yellow fever was transmitted by mosquitoes |
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| accidentally discovered penicillin |
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| determined the shape of DNA ("double helix; "spiraling staircase") |
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| James Watson, Francis Crick, Rosalind Franklin |
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| in 1996, first cloned organism |
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