Term
|
Definition
1783-1830
South American military/political leader; "The Liberator"
Venezuela; influenced by Euro/American philosophers
Independence leader for Spanish Empire (Gran Columbia); Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia (1813-1830)
Resigned following Assassination attempt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1913-2008
Martinican poet, playwright, politician
Négritude movement w/ Leopold Senghor; organic cultural unity of black Africans
Surrealism, politically charged imagery
Mayor of Fort-de-France; legislator in French national assembly; communism (1945)
Broke w/ communism post Soviet invasion of Hungary
Chaier d'un retour au pays natal (1939)
Discourse on Colonialism (1955) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1925-1961
Martinican doctor, psychiatrist, revolutionary theorist + activist
Black Skin, White Masks (1952, racism, colonialism on psyche of colonized)
Wretched of the Earth (1961, anticolonial liberation movements, necessity of violence, national consc. dangers)
Radicalized when psych. in Algeria, involved in N + W African liberation movements
Died of lukemia (1954) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1869-1948
Lawyer + national leader
Led Indian ind. from Britain; nonviolent resistance/non-coop
First Indian National Congress, fought poverty, attacked castes
Simple existence
Indian rights as Brit. lawyer in South Africa (1893-1914)
Assassinated (1948, Hindu nationalist angry at muslim outreach) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1936-2011
Last pres. Czechoslovakia, first pres. Czech Rep. (1989-2003)
Writer, dramatist
Political dissidence via anti-Soviet 1968 Prague Spring; anti communist
Co-founded Charter 77; behalf of czechoslovak, against comm. gov't + human rights oppression (1977)
Imprisoned for writings/activism (1980)
Velvet Revolution, end of Communist rule, elected pres. (1989) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1484-1566
Priest, writer, advocate
Sailed to Caribbean (1502)
Returned to Spain, ordained priest (1507, Italy)
Wrote for indigenous of Americas abt. abuse under encomienda system
Converted to Christ. after massacre of indigenous by Spanish (1514)
New Laws, banned enslavement of indig. peoples (1542)
Led to African slavery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1918-now
anti-apartheid + political leader
Law degree + leading activist against White SA regime
Member of African National Congress, cofounder of ANC's armed wing Umkhonto wa Sizwe
Imprisoned (1962-1990)
Negotiated transition to rep. democracy w/ F.W. de Klerk (1990)
SA president (1994)
Nobel Peace Prize (de Klerk, 1993) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1893-1976
Marxist theorist, soldier, political leader
Revolutionary activity (1920's)
Peasant revolution, Long March (1930's)
Took control of China (1948)
Organized tens of millions of peasants, costed millions of lives
Little Red Book, cult, intellectual/cultural repression (1960, Cultural Revolution) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1890-1969
Vietnamese nationalist political, military leader
Formed Viet Minh/Nietnam Ind. League
Work/Activism US, UK, France, USSR, China
Leadership of Viet Minh (1941)
Independence from France (1954)
Vietnam split Soviet + Chinese supported comm. North, West supported free-market South
N/S civil war (1959-1974) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1918-1970
Egyptian political leader
Anti-British youth demonstrations
Graduated from Egyptian Royal Military Academy + joined Egyptian Army
War against Israel (1948)
Led coup against Kind Farouk I (1952)
Pres. w/ pan-Arabism (1954)
Nationalized Suez Canal, prior controlled by Britain + France (1956) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1909-1972
African political leader, prime minister, president
Black Lincoln University, Penn. + England
Helped organize Pan African Congress (1945)
Contention People Party (1948)
Resistance to British colonial rule of Gold Coast, received ind. became Ghana (1947-1957)
Organization of African Unity, but autocratic at home
One party state, president-for-life (1964)
Overthrown + Exiled (1966)
Exiled for rest of life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1889-1964
Indian ind., political leader
Educated in England, studied law in London
Returned to India (1912)
Practiced law, joined Indian National Congress led by Gandhi, pro autonomy from British
Civil disobedience (1920-1930's)
Pres. Congress party (1928)
India's first prime minister (1947-death)
Socialist econ. reform, -->industrialization
Positive neutrality, cofounded Non-Aligned Movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1922-1999
African political leader + theorist
Educated in Roman Catholic, became Ugandan teacher
M.A. History + Econ. Edinburgh (1952)
Began socialism/African communal thought after encountering Fabianism in Scotland
Tanganyika African National Union
Tanganyika first ind. pres. (1962)
Fusion of Zanzibar + Tanganyika --> Tanzania
Sought solutions to country's poverty, focused collectivization of ag., villigization, nationalization of private bus., promotion of Swahili |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1935-2003
Palestian-American lit. critic, cosmopolitan activist, humanist
Born Jerusalem, moved to Cairo
Private schools Egypt, US boarding schools
BA Princeton, PhD Harvard
Prof. of English + comp. lit. Columbia University (1960's)
Most important figure in 20th cent. rise of global social and cultural lit. critique
Orientalism (1978) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1906-2001
African poet, political leader
Born in French West Africa
Created negritude w/ Césaire, Damas
Challenged for excessive reverence for Europe, over-spiritual view of African essence
Pres. of Senegal, senegalese modernization, african unity (1960-1980)
Academie Française, poetry, political, cultural essays |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1901-1970
Indonesian nationalist political leader
Nationalist ideas as teen, developed ideology of Indonesian socialist self-sufficiency
Graduated in eng. (1926)
Founded pro-ind. Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI)
Arrests by Dutch (1930's), exiled to Bengkulu until Japanese invasion (1942)
Repu. of Indo. w/ Mohammad Hatta (1945)
Consolidated island state under guided democracy (1950's)
Communism, strengthened ties w/ China (1960's)
House arrest till death, replaced by General Suharto (1965) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1892-1980
Yugoslav, non-aligned pol. leader
Taken prisoner by Russians (WWI)
Russian revolutionaries during Rus. Civil War (1917-1920)
Returned to croatia, comm. party organizer, imprisoned (1920)
Soviet Comintern asked him to reorganize multiform conflict, leader of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1943-1992)
Tito + Yugoslavia broek w/ USSR (1948)
Prime Minister (1943-1963)
President (1953-1980)
Co-founded Non-Aligned movement w/ Sukarno, Nasser, Nkrumah, Nehru
Sought multiethnic, multifaith, multinational fed. rep.
Politics + ethnic wars split Yugo into 7 states (1992) |
|
|
