• dilates small vessels in the vascular system
• increases capillary permeability
• histamine produces bronchi constriction
• stimulates ecretion of somach acid
• acts as a neurotransmitter in the CNS

• Vasodilation
• Increased permeability
• bronchoconstriction
• CNS effects: cognition, memory, cycle of sleeping and waking
• on sensory nerves: produces itching and pain

• Secretion of Gastric Acid

helps protect the gastric mucosa

three mechanisms involved:

• reduced secretion of gastric acid
• increased secretion of bicarbonate and cytoprotective mucus
• maintenance of submucosal blood flow

• found in pratically all tissues
• mediates housekeeping chores
• protects the gastric mucosa
• supports renal function
• promotes platelet aggregation
• primarily mediates beneficial processes

produced mainly at sites of tissue injury

mediates inflammation

sensitizes receptors to painful stimuli

primarily mediates harmful processes

• gastric erosion and ulceration
• bleeding tendencies
• renal impairment
• protection against MI and strock (secondary to reduced platelet aggregation)

• suppression of inflammation
• alleviation of pain
• reduction of fever
• protection against colorectal cancer
• renal impairment
• promotion of MI and stroke

1. drugs that have anti-inflamm properties
2. drugs that lack anti-inflamm properties