Term
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Definition
| antigen specific proteins produced by B lymphocytes during the course of an immune response |
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Definition
| the total number of antibody specificities made by an individual (estimated at 10^16) |
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Definition
| secrete antibodies (soluble Igs) of the same specificity as that of the surface Ig |
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Definition
| responsible for binding pathogens |
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Definition
| contains binding sites for receptors on phagocytes and complement proteins and is responsible for recruiting cells and molecules for pathogen destruction |
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Definition
| the N terminal region of both H and L chains which vary greatly from one antibody to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| the C terminal region that is constant between Ig chains, either H or L of the same isotype |
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Term
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Definition
| flexible region of the antibody where all of the arms of the Y come together, allows the Ig to be flexible for binding to antigen and proteins that mediate immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of the antibody that corresponds to the arms of the Y |
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Definition
| the portion of the constant region that forms the "stem" of the Y shaped Ig molecule |
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Definition
| allows the two Fabs to adopt many different orientations and move independently of each other |
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Term
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Definition
| discreet globular domains composed of 110 amino acids that make of the H and L chains |
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Term
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Definition
| the N terminal domains of both H (V h) and L (V l) chains; part of the antibody that binds to pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| the C terminal domains which are constant between Ig chains, either light or heavy of the same isotype |
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Term
| Immunoglobulin superfamily |
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Definition
| the collective name for the large number of proteins that have immunoglobulin-like domains |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 regions of high variability within the V domains (HV1, HV2, HV3) |
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Term
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Definition
| the regions of the V domain between the hypervariable domain which are relatively invariant |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes called complementarity determining regions because they form the antigen binding site |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of an antigen to which an antibody binds |
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Term
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Definition
| any antigen that contains more than one epitope or more than one copy of an epitope |
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Term
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Definition
| the antibody binds parts of the molecule that are adjacent in the linear sequence |
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Term
| Conformational/discontinuous epitopes |
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Definition
| an epitope that is formed by parts of a protein that are brought together in the folded protein, but which are separated in the amino acid sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| the strength of the bond between the antigen and the antibody |
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Term
| Antisera (polyclonal antibodies) |
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Definition
| prepared by immunizing an animal with a particular antigen and then isolating the desired antibodies; mixture of different antibodies specific to the different epitopes of the antigen and have arisen from many different B cells |
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Term
| Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) |
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Definition
| identical antibodies with a single specificity produced from the clone of a single antibody producing cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the diffusion of a single antibody producing cell with a tumor to generate a cell line that can grow indefinitely in culture... generating an unlimited number of identical antibodies |
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Definition
| a tool used to measure proteins produced by a variety of cells |
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Term
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Definition
| treat human diseases but the human will eventually recognize the constant region of the mAb as a foreign molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| mouse variable regions and human constant regions |
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Term
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Definition
| the CDR (hypervariable loops) of the mAb are mouse where the remaining regions are humans |
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Term
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Definition
| human mAb fully produced in mice |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of genetic engineering to generate antibodies with a mouse variable region fused to a human Ig constant region |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple loci of the genes that encode for the Ig heavy and light-chains |
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Term
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Definition
| the process that occurs during B cell development where arrays of the Ig gene segments V, D, and J are cut and spliced together |
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Term
| Recombination signal sequences (RSS) |
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Definition
| ensures that the gene segments are join the correct order, V-J (L chain), V-D-J (H-chain) |
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Term
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Definition
| conserved block of 7 nucleotides - which is always contiguous |
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Term
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Definition
| made up of 12 (=1 turn of DNA) or 23 (=2 turns of DNA) base pairs |
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Term
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Definition
| conserved block of 9 nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes needed to recombine V, D, and J gene segments |
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Definition
| the two gene segments that are brought together by the RAG complexes |
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Term
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Definition
| gene segment that is looped out by the RAG complexes |
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Definition
| diversity of Ig introduced at junctions where DNA is cut |
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Term
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Definition
| make up palindromic sequences added to the ends of gene segments |
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Term
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Definition
| non-template or non-encoded nucleotides that are added to single strand ends of coding DNA after hairpins are cleaved |
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Term
| Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase |
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Definition
| randomly adds nucleotides to the ends of the P nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
| B cells that have not encountered specific antigen-express IgM and IgD |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of Ig-gene rearrangements so that only one heavy chain and one light chain are expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| the cell surface complex of an immunoglobulin and 2 other proteins |
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Term
| Ig(alpha) and Ig(beta) proteins |
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Definition
| two invariant transmembrane proteins with long cytoplasmic tails |
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Term
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Definition
| the introduction of random mutations into the V regions of the rearranged heavy and light-chain genes that provides a 4th source of Ig diversity |
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Term
| Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) |
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Definition
| enzyme somatic hypermutation depends on |
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Term
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Definition
| the production of antibodies with progressively higher affinities during the course of an immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| first Ig produced during antibody response; high avidity but a low affinity |
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Term
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Definition
| the overall strength of binding multiple sites |
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Term
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Definition
| stretches of repetitive DNA which guide recombination that results in isotype switching |
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Term
| Hyper IgM immunodeficiency |
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Definition
| patients lacking a functional AID gene are only able to produce low affinity IgM antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| directly inactivate a pathogen or toxin by binding tightly to it and by preventing it from interacting with human cells |
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Definition
| first antibody generated; low affinity; activates complement cascade |
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Definition
| most abundant Igs in internal body fluids; can cross placenta |
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Definition
| produced more than another other antibody isotype; transported across the epithelium into breast milk; monormeric form secreted in body fluids; dimeric form secreted in body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| binds tightly to an IgE receptor on mast cells; triggers mast cell to release histamines; provides protection from parasites; medically most important in allergies |
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Term
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Definition
| produced in small quantities; no known function |
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