Term
| What is the first antibody made against an infecting pathogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| L-selectin on the T cell surface binds to what molecules on the surface of the high endothelial venules? |
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Definition
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Term
| After L-selectin binds to CD34 and GlyCAM-1, the integrin LFA-1 (lymphocyte function associated molecule 1)on the T cell surface binds to what? |
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Definition
| the cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 |
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Term
| CD2 on T cell interacts with what on dendritic cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 signals are required to generate T cell expansion? |
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Definition
| first signal is through TCR:CD4 complex bound to MHC-II, second is through CD28 (on naive T cell) bound to B7 |
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Term
| What are the main cytokines secreted by T_H_1 cells and what is their function? |
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Definition
| IL-2 and IFN-gamma; lead to macrophage activation, inflammation, and the production of opsonizing antibodies |
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Term
| What are the main cytokines secreted by T_H_2 cells and what is their function? |
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Definition
| IL-4 and IL-5; lead mainly to B cell differentiation and the production of neutralizing antibodies |
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Term
| When IL-4 binds to the IL-4 receptor on an activated CD4 T cell, the expression of which transcription factor is induced? |
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Definition
| GATA-3 (turns on expression of the genes for IL-4 and IL-5, and other cytokines characteristic of T_H_2 cells) |
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Term
| teichoic acids are characteristic of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| beta defensins are generally produced in _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the ligand for TLR1:TLR2, what does it recognize and where is the receptor localized? |
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Definition
| lipopeptides; recognizes bacteria and parasites, located on the plasma membranes of monocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells |
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Term
| what is the ligand for TLR2:TLR6, what does it recognize, and where is the receptor localized? |
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Definition
| Lipoteichoic acid, recognizes Gram positive bacteria and yeasts and is localized on the plasma membranes of monocytes, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells |
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Term
| what is the ligand for TLR3, what does it recognize and where is the receptor localized? |
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Definition
| double-stranded viral RNA, recognizes viruses and is localized in the endosomes of NK cells |
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Term
| what is the ligand for TLR4:TLR4, what does it recognize and where is the receptor localized? |
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Definition
| lipopolysaccharide (LPS), recognizes gram negative bacteria and is localized on the plasma membranes of macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and eosinophils |
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Term
| what is the ligand for TLR5, what does it recognize and where is the receptor localized? |
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Definition
| flagellin, recognizes motile bacteria with flagella, localized on plasma membrane of intestinal epithelia |
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Term
| what is the ligand for TLR7, what does it recognize and where is the receptor localized? |
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Definition
| single-stranded viral RNA, recognizes viruses and is localized in endosomes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, NK cells, eosinophils, and B cells |
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Term
| what is the ligand for TLR8, what does it recognize and where is the receptor localized? |
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Definition
| single stranded viral RNA, recognizes viruses and is localized in endosomes of NK cells |
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Term
| what is the ligand for TLR9, what does it recognize and where is the receptor localized? |
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Definition
| unmethylated CpG-rich DNA, recognizes bacteria and viruses and is localized in endosomes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, B cells, eosinophils, and basophils |
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Term
| which Ig protects the surfaces of mucosal epithelia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What transport receptor molecules actively transports all subclasses of IgG from the blood to the extracellular fluid in tissues? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three complement pathways and how is each one activated? |
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Definition
| classical activated by antibody:antigen complex; alternative activated by pathogen; lectin pathway activated by sugars |
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Term
| switching to which antibody isotype allows delivery of the pathogen to phagocytes? |
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Definition
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