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Immunology
immunology from first aid book
5
Medical
Post-Graduate
11/28/2012

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Cards

Term
Type 1 Hypersensitivity (cause, examples)
Definition
CAUSE : preformed IgE binds free antigen triggers histamine release from mast cells

EXAMPLE: anaphylaxis, test via scratch test
Term
Type II Hypersensitivity
Definition
CAUSE: IgM and IgG - bind antigen and lead to lysis or phagocytosis.

EXAMPLE: hyperacute organ rejection, direct and indirect COOMBs test (test for antibodies to RBCs)
Term
Type III Hypersensitivity (remember type 3 has 3 types of reactions)
Definition
CAUSE: immune complexes... - involve antigen + antibody (IgG) and complement fixation.

1) Immune complex (antigen + IgG antibody + complement) - attract neutrophils which release lysosomal enzymes
2) Serum Sickness: antibodies to foreign proteins are produced - takes about 5 days. Most is caused by drugs.
3) Arthus reaction: local subacute reaction where complexes form in the skin --> edema, necrosis, and complement activation
Term
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Definition
T cell mediated (all other types 1-3 are antibody mediated)

Tcells encounter the antigen and activate macrophages,

4T's"
1) Tcell mediated
2) Transplant rejection (chronic and irreversible)
3) TB skin tests
4) Touching (cause of contact dermatitis)
Term
Pneumonic for 4 types of Hypersensitivty
Definition
ACID

A (type 1) = Anaphylactic and Atopic
C (type 2) = Cytotoxic (antibody mediated)
I (type 3) = immune complex mediated
D (type 4) = Delayed (T cell mediated)
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