Term
| What is the principle of the fluorescent antinuclear antibiody (FANA) test? |
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Definition
| Indirect fluorescent ABY test |
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Term
What antinuclear ABY patterns are associated with the following:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) |
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Definition
| Homogeneous, Speckled, & Rim (peripheral) |
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Term
What antinuclear ABY patterns are associated with the following:
Rheumatoid arthritis |
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Definition
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Term
What antinuclear ABY patterns are associated with the following:
Progressive systemic sclerosis |
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Definition
|
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Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
Rim or peripheral ANA pattern |
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Definition
Active SLE
(very suggestive) |
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Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
Anti-Smith ABY |
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Definition
SLE
(1/3 of All SLE patients) |
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Term
What is the clinical significance of the following:
ABY to double-stranded DNA (DS-DNA) |
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Definition
SLE
(not present in All patients with SLE) |
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Term
| What test can be performed to detect DS-DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 ANA Extractable AGNs |
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Definition
| Smith, SSA/SSB, Sjogren Syndrome (A & B AGNs), RibonucleoProtein |
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Term
| What is rheumatoid factor? |
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Definition
| IgM directed against IgG (Fc region) |
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Term
| What is the principle of the latex agglutination test for rheumatoid factor? |
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Definition
| Latex beads are coated with IgG, which acts as the AGN in this test. Beads clump when rheumatoid factor binds to the IgG. |
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Term
What are the steps in the following fluorescent antibody (FA) tests:
Direct FA |
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Definition
1. Specimen/cultured MO fixed on to microscopic slide
2. Fluorescein tagged ABY is applied to slide, incubated, and rinsed]
--- Fluorescein tagged ABY is specific for test AGN
3. Slide then examined with fluorescent microcope |
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Term
What are the steps in the following fluorescent antibody (FA) tests:
Indirect FA test for antibody |
|
Definition
1. Known AGN fixed onto microscopic slide
2. Patient serum applied to slide, incubated, & rinsed
3. Fluorescein tagged ABY applied to slide, incubated, and rinsed
---Fluorescein tagged ABY specific for human ABy
4. Slide then examined with fluorescent microscope |
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Term
| How should a specimen submitted for a cold agglutinin test be handled after collection? |
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Definition
| Blood should be kept warm until clot and serum separate |
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Term
| Outline the steps of the cold agglutini test procedure |
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Definition
1. Two-fold serial dilutions of patient's serum
2. Add human type "O" RBCs
3. Refrigerate tubes overnight
4. Read tubes immediately after removing from refrigerator & record results
5. Warm tubes showing agglutination |
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Term
For each of the following disorders, name the target site for the autoimmune ABYs:
Graves' Disease |
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Definition
|
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Term
For each of the following disorders, name the target site for the autoimmune ABYs:
Multiple sclerosis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following disorders, name the target site for the autoimmune ABYs:
Myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following disorders, name the target site for the autoimmune ABYs:
Addison's disease |
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Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following disorders, name the target site for the autoimmune ABYs:
Type I Diabetes Mellitus |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Too Much ABY
(interferes with lattice formation & agglutination/precipitation) |
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Term
Use the laboratory data given to calculate the following absolute cell counts and identify if they are considered normal or abnormal:
[image]
Lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Use the laboratory data given to calculate the following absolute cell counts and identify if they are considered normal or abnormal:
[image]
T Cells |
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Definition
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Term
Use the laboratory data given to calculate the following absolute cell counts and identify if they are considered normal or abnormal:
[image]
T helper cells |
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Definition
|
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Term
Use the laboratory data given to calculate the following absolute cell counts and identify if they are considered normal or abnormal:
[image]
T cytotoxic cells |
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Definition
|
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Term
Use the laboratory data given to calculate the following absolute cell counts and identify if they are considered normal or abnormal:
[image]
B Cells |
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Definition
|
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Term
Use the laboratory data given to calculate the following absolute cell counts and identify if they are considered normal or abnormal:
[image]
NK Cells |
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Definition
|
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Term
What is the T Helper: Cytotoxic Cell Ratio?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the T Helper: Cytotoxic Cell Ratio Normal?[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| With respect to the secondary immune response, differentiate the primary immune response with respect to the lag period and type of ABY. |
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Definition
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Term
| With respect to the primary immune response, differentiate the secondary immune response with respect to the lag period and type of ABY. |
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Definition
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Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
The largest immunoglobulin |
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Definition
|
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Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Associated with mucous membranes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Immunoglobulin with the highest serum concentration |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Immunoglobulin that most effectively binds complement |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Associated with allergies |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Pentamer |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Reacts best at 30 - 37 degrees Celsius |
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Definition
|
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Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Immunoglobulin present in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Has a J chain |
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Definition
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|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Has secretory piece |
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Definition
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Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Present on immature B cells |
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Definition
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Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Associated with wheal and flare reactions |
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Definition
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|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Usually responsible for warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Rheumatoid factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Individuals which lack this immunoglobulin are prone to anaphylactic reactions when given blood transfusions |
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Definition
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|
Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
The best agglutinin |
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Definition
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Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Usually responsible for cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
Match the immunoglobulin with its characteristic:
Important in anaphylactic shock |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Briefly state the function of the Fab portion of an immunoglobulin |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Briefly state the function of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin |
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Definition
| Complement Binding Site & Opsonin |
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Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, briefly state the mechanism of action:
Type I |
|
Definition
| Cell bound ABY reacts with AGN to release Active Substances |
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Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, give an example of each type:
Type I |
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Definition
|
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Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, Indicate if it is associated with anaphylaxis, delayed, or neither:
Type I |
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Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, briefly state the mechanism of action:
Type II |
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Definition
| Free ABY reacts with AGN on cell surface |
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Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, give an example of each type:
Type II |
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Definition
| HDN, AIHA, Transfusion Reaction |
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|
Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, Indicate if it is associated with anaphylaxis, delayed, or neither:
Type II |
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Definition
|
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Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, briefly state the mechanism of action:
Type III |
|
Definition
ABY reacts with soluble AGN.
Complexes precipitate in tissue. |
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Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, give an example of each type:
Type III |
|
Definition
| RA, SLE, Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, Indicate if it is associated with anaphylaxis, delayed, or neither:
Type III |
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Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, briefly state the mechanism of action:
Type IV |
|
Definition
| Sensitized T cells responsible |
|
|
Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, give an example of each type:
Type IV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following types of hypersensitivity, Indicate if it is associated with anaphylaxis, delayed, or neither:
Type IV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 Primary lymphoid organs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 Secondary lymphoid organs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 Acute Phase Reactants |
|
Definition
C-reactive Protein
Complement |
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|
Term
| When do acute phase reactants increase? |
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Definition
Surgery/Injury
Infection
Trauma |
|
|
Term
| When do acute phase reactants decrease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual generates immunoresponse |
|
|
Term
| What is Passive Immunity? |
|
Definition
| Protection given/generated by someone else |
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|
Term
| What is Natural Immunity? |
|
Definition
| Present at time of birth or immunity that develops during maturation |
|
|
Term
| What is Acquired Immunity? |
|
Definition
| Results from prior experience with foreign substance |
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Term
Match the disease with its immunodeficiency classification:
Common variable immunodeficiency |
|
Definition
| Primary deficiency of B cell system |
|
|
Term
Match the disease with its immunodeficiency classification:
Chronic granulomatus disease |
|
Definition
| Neutrophil function defect |
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|
Term
Match the disease with its immunodeficiency classification:
DiGeorge anomaly |
|
Definition
| Primary deficiency of cellular immunity |
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|
Term
Match the disease with its immunodeficiency classification:
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia |
|
Definition
| Primary deficiency of B cell system |
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Term
Match the disease with its immunodeficiency classification:
Swiss type agammaglobulinemia |
|
Definition
| Combined deficiency of cellular and humoral immunity |
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|
Term
Match the disease with its immunodeficiency classification:
Diabetes mellitus |
|
Definition
| Secondary immunodeficiency |
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|
Term
Match the disease with its immunodeficiency classification:
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome |
|
Definition
| Combined deficiency of cellular and humoral immunity |
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Term
Match the complement component with its function:
Membrane Attack Unit |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the complement component with its function:
Activation Unit |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the complement component with its function:
Recognition Unit |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the term with its definition/description:
HLA linked genes |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the term with its definition/description:
Tissue transplanted between individuals from the same species |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the term with its definition/description:
Small molecule capable of stimulating antibody formation ONLY WHEN combined with a CARRIER molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the term with its definition/description:
Portion of immunoglobulin molecule that depends on the variable region of the heavy & light chains |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the term with its definition/description:
Portion of immunoglobulin molecule that depends on the constant region of the heavy & light chains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the term with its definition/description:
Secondary immune response characterized by a rapid increase in antibody synthesis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Test for level of specific IgE |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Explain the principle of nucleic acid probes |
|
Definition
Labeled piece of DNA or RNA is prepared that is specific for a given MO or group of MOs. Labeled probe mixed with given sample.
If complementary strand is present, hybridization occurs. |
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Term
| Explain the principle of polymerase chain reaction |
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Definition
| PCR increases # DNA targets by repeatedly copying a specific DNA sequence |
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