Term
| C' fixation occurs on the ____ portion of the ABY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of C3a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is type II hypersensitivity determined in the laboratory? |
|
Definition
| Test for blood group ABYs, platelet ABYs, and specific ABYs depending on disease |
|
|
Term
| The patient has symptoms of SLE - the ANA test if positive and exhibits the peripheral pattern. What test is appropriate to diagnosis SLE? |
|
Definition
| Look for anti-dsDNA (native DNA) using the Crithidia test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receptor for C2b degradation products; receptor for EBV |
|
|
Term
| What are considered the extractable nuclear antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diseases are associated with the nucleolar pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of graft rejection? |
|
Definition
| Hyperacute, Acute, and Chronic |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of contact dermatitis |
|
Definition
Poison Ivy, oak, sumac
Nickel and rubber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gene that promotes normal growth; when it becomes altered it becomes an oncogene |
|
|
Term
| What is included in the activation unit of the classical C' pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the usual recommendation for storage and transport of specimens for C' assays? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the immune response to tumor cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the anti-CCP ABY? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some drugs that are commonly used to prevent tissue/organ rejection? |
|
Definition
| Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, Steroids; specific therapy to Decrease T cells |
|
|
Term
From the following lymphocytotoxicity results determine if the controls are correct and the patient's class I AGN:
Control cells w/B22 AGN + B22 ABY + C' = Blue
Control cells w/B18 AGN + B18 ABY + C' = Blue
Patient cells + B22 ABY + C' = Colorless
Patient cells + B18 ABY + C' = Blue |
|
Definition
| Patient's cells have B18 AGN |
|
|
Term
| What is a hypersensitivity reaction? |
|
Definition
| Immune response that harms the body |
|
|
Term
| Chemical mediators that are released from mast cells in Type I hypersensitivity include (5) |
|
Definition
| Leukotrienes, Cytokines, Prostaglandins,Histamine, Platelet Activating factor |
|
|
Term
| What is the regulatory function of decay accelerating factor? |
|
Definition
Dissociates C3 convertase;
Prevents bystander cell lysis |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic mechanism of action and speed associated with hyperacute reactions |
|
Definition
ABY to ABO & HLA AGNs present at time of transplantation;
Occurs within minutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancer that originated from epithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for Type III hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Immune complex deposited in tissue & C' fixed = tissue damage |
|
|
Term
| What specific ABY is associated with Goodpasture's syndrome |
|
Definition
| ABY to glomerular basement membrane of kidney |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of anti-Scl-70 ABY? |
|
Definition
| Poor prognosis marker for Scleroderma patient |
|
|
Term
| Which test methods are used to perform the ANA testing? |
|
Definition
Indirect Enzyme ABY test
Indirect Fluorescent ABY test for ABY |
|
|
Term
| Which type of autoimmune hemolytic anemias are associated with Type II hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Cold (IgM), Warm (IgG), and idiopathic |
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with the centromere pattern? |
|
Definition
| CREST variant of progressive systemic sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Which tumor AGNs are considered oncofetal AGNs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tissue transplant does not require any compatibility testing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the meaning of sarcoma |
|
Definition
| Cancer that originates from CT |
|
|
Term
| Which tissue/organ transplants require ABO compatibility? |
|
Definition
| Kidney, heart, lung, liver, and pancreas |
|
|
Term
| Which specific ABY is associated with pernicious anemia? |
|
Definition
| ABY to gastric parietal cells in stomach |
|
|
Term
| The patient has symptoms of SLE so the doctor requests an ANA test and Crithidia test. The ANA test is positive for the homogeneous pattern but the Crithidia test is negative. Can the doctor assume that the patient doesn't have SLE? |
|
Definition
| No - anti-dsDNA is only present in a certain percentage of patients with SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the Crithidia test used |
|
Definition
| To detect anti-double stranded DNA (anti-native DNA) |
|
|
Term
| What is rheumatoid factor? |
|
Definition
| IgM directed against Fc portion of IgG |
|
|
Term
| What is the serological method for detecting HLA AGNs |
|
Definition
| Lymphocytotoxicity test recommended for class I only (PCR for class II) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the lectin pathway intersect the classical pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the basic sequence of events in the classical pathway? |
|
Definition
C1, C4, C2, C3, C5-9
usually "a" goes away and "b" binds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AGNs that trigger the formation of large amounts of IgE |
|
|
Term
| Which specific ABY is associated with Myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
| ABY to acetylcholine receptors |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for type II hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
ABY binds to cell surface
C' fixed & cell lysis
OR cell destroyed by ADCC |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms associated with progressive systemic sclerosis |
|
Definition
| Raynaud Phenomenon & stone facies |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for atopic AGNs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the basic mechanism of action and speed associated with chronic rejection |
|
Definition
Due to T cell and B cells;
Occurs months to years following transplantation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that bind to carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
| Where do the classical and alternate pathways intersect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Malignant hematopoietic cells involving tumor masses |
|
|
Term
| Diseases associated with type IV hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Granulomatous hypersensitivity, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, TB skin test, Contact dermatitis |
|
|
Term
| Which specific ABY is associated with Graves' Disease |
|
Definition
ABY to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor;
causes HYPERthyroidism |
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobin is most effective in activating C' |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action for type IV hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the regulatory function of CD59 |
|
Definition
| Blocks insertion of C9 into the membrane |
|
|
Term
| Which AGNs are associated with the speckled pattern |
|
Definition
| Scl-70, Smith, RNP, SSA/SSB |
|
|
Term
| What is the regulatory function of Factor I (the inactivator) |
|
Definition
| Inactivates C3b and C4b with help from Factor H, DAF, CR1, and C4BP |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms associated with Sjogren syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis destroys the thyroid and results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulins fix (activate) C' |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides autoimmune hemolytic anemias, what autoimmune diseases are associated with Type II hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Goodpasture's
Hashimoto's
Myasthenia Gravis |
|
|
Term
| What is included in the recognition unit of the classical C' pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of using drugs to treat transplant patients |
|
Definition
| Treatment is designed to suppress T cell responses and inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inherited propensity to develop allergies |
|
|
Term
| What type of hypersensitivity is autoimmune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hypersensitivity reactions are considered "immediate" and how long is "immediate" |
|
Definition
I, II, III
Minutes to hours |
|
|
Term
| Which specific ABY is associated with Addison's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which AGNs are associated with the peripheral pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cancer producing substance |
|
|
Term
| How is type III hypersensitivity determined in the laboratory |
|
Definition
| Test for Immune Complexes in tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the total hemolytic C' assay (CH50) |
|
Definition
Functional assay;
If abnormally low, do more tests for individual C' components |
|
|
Term
| Which hypersensitivity reaction is considered "delayed" and how long is "delayed" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of diseases associated with type III hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
Polyarteritis nodosa
Arthus rx
Serum sickness
RA
SLE
Glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| What is the deficiency in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and the result of the deficiency |
|
Definition
Deficient in DAF & CD 59;
RBCs lysis due to bystander cell lysis |
|
|
Term
| The patient has symptoms of SLE - the ANA test is positive and exhibits the speckled pattern. What test is appropriate to diagnosis SLE? |
|
Definition
| Anti-Smith using the immunodiffusion test |
|
|
Term
| The Radioimmunosorbent test detects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The patient has symptoms of SLE so the doctor requests an ANA test and detection of anti-smith ABY. The ANA test is positive for the speckled pattern but the Anti-Smith test is negative. Can the doctor assume that the patient doesn't have SLE? |
|
Definition
No
The anti-Smith is only present in a certain % of patients with SLE |
|
|
Term
| Which specific ABY is associated with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Evasion mechanisms of tumor cells include |
|
Definition
Failure to induce CTLs
Loss of Expression of tumor AGN
Induction of tolerance to tumor AGNs
Immunosuppressive proteins |
|
|
Term
| The function of C' includes |
|
Definition
Removal of Immune complexes
Amplify immune & inflammatory reactions
Cell lysis
Opsonization & phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of C3b |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Is the positive test result A or B in the C' fixation test shown below
A = Complex formed, No hemolysis
B = No complex formed, Hemolysis occurs |
|
Definition
A
No hemolysis means the ABY or AGN is present |
|
|
Term
| Which AGNs are associated with the nucleolar pattern? |
|
Definition
RNA polymerase
Scl-70
Nucleolar RNA
Nucleolar protein |
|
|
Term
| What is the result of early C' component deficiencies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms associated with SLE |
|
Definition
Many
Butterfly Rash on face |
|
|
Term
| What are tumor-specific AGNs |
|
Definition
| Unique AGNs found on specific tumor cell and NOT on other cells |
|
|
Term
| Is the lectin pathway activated by ABYs |
|
Definition
No
It becomes activated when it binds to mannose on bacterial cell walls |
|
|
Term
| Diseases that are considered CT Diseases include |
|
Definition
SS
RA
MCTD
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis
SLE
Scleroderma |
|
|
Term
Place the following steps for the ANA test in the correct order:
a. Add anti-human ABY labeled w/enzyme; incubate and rinse
b. Hep-2 cells on slide
c. Add substrate and read with light microscope
d. Add patient serum; incubate and rinse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which specific ABY is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
|
Definition
| ABY to Beta cells in pancreas |
|
|
Term
| Which AGN is associated with the centromere pattern?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diseases are associated with the homogeneous pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transplant from one species to another |
|
|
Term
| What are tumor suppressor genes? |
|
Definition
| Genes that normally inhibit growth of tumors |
|
|
Term
| Which tissue transplant does NOT require ABO compatibility but DOES require HLA compatibility |
|
Definition
Allogenic BM
(Peripheral blood progenitor cells and cord blood) |
|
|
Term
| What diseases are associated with the speckled pattern? |
|
Definition
MCTD
RA
Scleroderma
Sjogren
SLE |
|
|
Term
| What diseases are associated with the peripheral pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transplanted tissue or organ |
|
|
Term
| What cells are included in the cell-mediated response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Malignant hematopoietic cells involving single cells |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms are associated with Type I hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
Wheal and flare
Rhinitis
Hives
Asthma
Hay fever
Anaphylactic shock |
|
|
Term
| What is immune surveillance |
|
Definition
| The ongoing removal of abnormal cells by the immune system |
|
|
Term
| What is included in the membrane attack unity of the classical C' pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which AGNs are associated with the homogeneous pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of C5a |
|
Definition
| Anaphylotoxin and chemotaxin |
|
|
Term
| What is a malignant tumor |
|
Definition
| Tumor that is capable of spreading |
|
|
Term
| The patient has symptoms of SLE but the only ABY present is anti-histone. What is the significance of the ABY |
|
Definition
| Patient probably has drug-induced SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New uncontrolled growth of cells derived from one's one tissues |
|
|
Term
| Which specific ABY is associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some microorganisms associated with cancer? |
|
Definition
EBV - Burkitt's lymphoma
Papilloma Virus - Cervical cancer |
|
|
Term
| Define innocent bystander cell lysis |
|
Definition
C' components deposited on host cells
target for phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genes capable of producing neoplastic transformation |
|
|
Term
| Which tumor AGN is considered a glycoprotein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tumor usually confined to a single site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Receptor on cells for C3b and C4b
Removes immune complexes |
|
|
Term
| Does a Positive RF test always indicate the patient has RA? |
|
Definition
No
RF can be present in patients with other diseases than RA |
|
|
Term
| What non-autoimmune diseases are associated with Type II hypersensitivity reaction? |
|
Definition
Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
Transfusion Reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal tissue resulting from uncontrolled growth |
|
|
Term
| The Radioallergosorbent test detects the level of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are tumor-associated AGNs |
|
Definition
| AGNs found on tumor AND normal cells |
|
|
Term
| Example of tumor-associated AGN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Place the events that occur in Type I hypersensitivity in the correct order:
a. Allergen crosslinks IgE receptors
b. Chemical mediators released from cell
c. IgEe binds to mast/basophil
d. Allergen stimulates IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an Autoimmune disease? |
|
Definition
| Disease results when host immune system can NOT discriminate self from nonself |
|
|
Term
| What is the regulatory function of S protein (vitronectin) |
|
Definition
Binds to C5b67
Prevents bystander lysis |
|
|
Term
| What is the deficiency in hereditary angioedema and the result of the deficiency |
|
Definition
Deficient in C1-INH
Results in Excess C' activation and edema |
|
|
Term
| What is the meaning of metastasis |
|
Definition
| Spread of the disease from one part of the body to another |
|
|
Term
| What is the result of later C' deficiencies |
|
Definition
| Recurrent Neisseria infections |
|
|
Term
Place in order the basic sequence of events in the alternative pathway:
a. C3 tickover; C3b binds to MO cell wall
b. D cleaves B = C3bBb = C3 convertase
c. C3 convertase cleaves C3
d. C3BbC3b = C5 convertase
e. B binds to C3b |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary lectin involved in the lectin pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tumor AGNs are screened for in the laboratory |
|
Definition
CA-125
Calcitonin
AFP
CEA
Beta HCG |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transplant between identical twins |
|
|
Term
| What is the basic mechanism of action and speed associated with acute rejection? |
|
Definition
Due to T and B cells
Occurs in days to weeks after transplantation |
|
|
Term
| What is the regulatory function of C1-INH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tumor AGNs are considered organ specific AGNs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transplant between two different individuals of the same species |
|
|
Term
| What autoimmune diseases are associated with various types of hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (II)
SLE (III)
RA (III) |
|
|
