Term
| Which is more likely to be immunogenic to humans, plant proteins or animal proteins? |
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Definition
| Plant proteins, because they are more foreign. |
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Term
| Foreign molecules which are under 5,000 daltons in size, and cannot be immunogenic on their own, are called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for the antigenic determinant portion of an immunogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these is not a part of the body's "first line of defence": intact skin, inflammatory response, mucous membranes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four major symptoms of inflammation? |
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Definition
| Redness, pain, heat, and swelling. |
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Term
| We test for heterophile antibodies when what virus/infection is suspected? |
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Definition
| Epstein-Barr virus/glandular fever |
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Term
| Papain splits an antibody into what fragments? |
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Definition
| 2 Fab fragments and 1 Fc fragment |
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Term
| Which portion of an antibody is responsible for antigen binding? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibody is a pentamer? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long from the time of antigen exposure is required for primary immunity to develop, and which type of antibody is produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the classical pathway of complement activation? |
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Definition
| C1 complex (C1q, C1r, C1s), C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 |
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Term
| A test's ability to properly detect the absence of a condition in a person who does not have it is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Hook effect" is another term for: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between turbidimetry and nephelomtery? |
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Definition
| Turbidimetry measures the amount of light which passes directly through a sample. Nephelometry measures the scattered light bouncing off of antibody-antigen complexes. |
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Term
| Which antibody can be either a monomer or a dimer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pepsin splits an antibody into what fragments? |
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Definition
| One F(ab')2 fragment and one Fc fragment |
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Term
| At what temperature is complement destroyed? |
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Definition
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Term
| The combination of soluble antigen with soluble antibody to produce visible, insoluble complexes is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two types of cells are fused to make a hybridoma? |
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Definition
| An antibody-producing plasma cell and a cancerous plasma cell. |
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Term
| What is the most serious complement deficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first step of agglutination (invisible to the naked eye)? |
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Definition
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Term
| In PCR, DNA is denatured using what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Postzone can lead to false negatives due to ________ excess. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the activation sequence of the alternative pathway for complement, and what is another name for this pathway? |
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Definition
C3,C5, C6, C7, C8, C9
Properdin pathway |
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Term
| How long from the time of antigen exposure is required for secondary immunity to respond, and which type of antibody is produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| True/False: C-RP is preferred over ESR as a measure of inflammation because it remains elevated even after inflammation is resolved. |
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Definition
| False. C-RP is indeed the preferred measure of inflammation, but that is in part because it quickly returns to normal levels after inflammation is resolved. |
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Term
| What organism is the causative agent of syphilis? |
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Definition
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Term
| RPR tests for syphilis actually detect antibody to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What specimen types cannot be used for an RPR test? |
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Definition
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Term
| A bull's-eye rash is characteristic of what disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the sequelae of Group A Strep? |
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Definition
| Rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| What is rheumatoid factor? |
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Definition
| An antibody against the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin (usually an IgM against the Fc portion of human IgG). |
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Term
| What organism is the causative agent of Lyme disease, and what insect is the carrier? |
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Definition
| Borrelia burgdorferi; carrier is the deer tick Ixodes scapularis |
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Term
| The lectin pathway of complement activation begins with: |
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Definition
| Mannose-binding lectin/protein (MBL or MBP) |
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|
Term
| What is rheumatoid factor? |
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Definition
| An antibody against the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin (usually an IgM against the Fc portion of human IgG). |
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Term
| What is the first marker to appear in HBV infection? |
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Definition
| HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen) |
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Term
| Which form of chronic hepatitis has no vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the confirmatory test for HIV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the six steps of phagocytosis? |
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Definition
| Initiation, chemotaxis, opsonisation, adherence, engulfment, digestion |
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Term
| Where in the body do T lymphocytes complete their maturation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of leukocytes from the capillaries into tissues, through intact capillary walls |
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Term
| What is the function of lymphokines? |
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Definition
| They amplify inflammatory response and attract macrophages to the site of infection. |
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Term
| What type of hypersensitivity reaction can include hay fever, eczema, and anaphylaxis? |
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Definition
| Type 1 (Immediate) hypersensitivity |
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Term
| What is the most common congenital immunodeficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| Impetigo is a skin infection caused by what organism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What substance is used as a label in radioimmunoassay (RIA)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most popular enzymes used in ELISA/EIA? |
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Definition
| Alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase |
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Term
| A fluorescent immunoassay that uses tetramethylrhodamine will emit what colour light in a positive result? |
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Definition
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Term
| What amino acid base is found in RNA but not DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for transfusion reactions and juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus? |
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Definition
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