Term
| Where do T cells develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do B cells develop? |
|
Definition
| Bursal-equivalent (bone marrow) |
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Term
| What three derivations can an hematopoietic stem cell become? |
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Definition
1. Common lymphoid progenitor
2. Common myeloid progenitor
3. Common erythroid megakaryocyte progenitor |
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Term
| What two derivations can a common lymphoid progenitor become? |
|
Definition
1. NK/T cell precursor
2. B cell |
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Term
| What three cells can a common granulocyte precursor become? |
|
Definition
| Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil |
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Term
| What two cells can a monocyte become? |
|
Definition
| Dendritic cell, macrophage |
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Term
| What two cells can a common erythroid megakaryocyte progenitor become? |
|
Definition
| Megakaryocyte, erythroblast |
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Term
| What is the most common group of leukocytes? |
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Definition
| Granulocytes, in particular neutrophils |
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Term
| How long do neutrophils last in the body? |
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Definition
| Mature neutrophils are end-stage cells with a serum life-time of about 8-12 hours.
Neutrophils mature in the bone marrow where they may be retained for another 5 days as part of a large marrow reserve pool. |
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Term
| What are the primary phagocytes in acute inflammation? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Deficiency of neutrophils, leads to serious susceptibility of bacterial infections |
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Term
| What enzymes that kill microorganisms can also induce inflammation, especially neutrophils? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
A granulocyte commonly associated with
the inflammation of IgE-mediated allergy and parasitic infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
<1% of leukocytes, a rich source of mediators of inflammation—histamine, leukotrienes, heparin, etc.
histamine, leukotrienes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A myeloid derivative in skin, lungs and GI tract similar to basophils- both strongly bind IgE. |
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Term
| How long do monocytes last in the body? |
|
Definition
| Intermediate-stage cells with circulation half-life of 8 hours |
|
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Term
| What cells can monocytes turn into? |
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Definition
| Tissue macrophages (lung, liver, etc.) which are long-lived and may also undergo further division |
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Term
|
Definition
| The phagocytes most prominent in the late phases of acute inflammation and in chronic inflammation; activated macrophages are more effective phagocytes
Important cell in antigen processing and antigen presentation. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Most potent antigen presenting cell
Arise from both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, found in all surface epithelia and most solid tissues |
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|
Term
| What are the three categories of leukocytes? |
|
Definition
| Granulocytes (75%), monocytes (2-10%), lymphocytes (20-50%) |
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|
Term
| What are the two types of lymphocyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of T-lymphocyte? |
|
Definition
1. Regulatory (helper, suppressor)
2. Effector
3. Cytotoxic and Delayed hypersensitivity |
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|
Term
| What is another name of a helper T cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name of a delayed hypersensitivity T cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three categories of B-cells? |
|
Definition
1. Memory
2. Regulatory
3. Plasma |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Antibody synthesizing and secreting cells derived from B cells |
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|
Term
| Define natural killer cells |
|
Definition
| Cytotoxic for several types of target cells without prior sensitization
and are not MHC restricted |
|
|
Term
| Define the Afferent Phase of a Primary Immune Response |
|
Definition
| Immunogen interacts with specific B cells and T cells and stimulates a specific immune response |
|
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Term
| Define Afferent lymphatic vessels |
|
Definition
| The several vessels that bring lymph draining from connective tissue into a lymph node en route to the blood. |
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Term
| Define primary lymphoid tissues |
|
Definition
| Anatomical sites of lymphocyte development: the bone marrow and the thymus gland |
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|
Term
| Define Secondary lymphoid tissues |
|
Definition
| Lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (sites of immune response) |
|
|
Term
| What is the hematogenous site of a primary immune response? |
|
Definition
| Spleen- serves as a filter for the blood, removing damaged RBC and functioning as a secondary lymphoid organ that defends against blood borne pathogens through splenic macrophages and dendritic cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of losing a spleen? |
|
Definition
| Increased risk for bacterial infections, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
Should be vaccinated |
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|
Term
| What are the three types of mucosa? |
|
Definition
1. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
2. Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT)
3. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) |
|
|
Term
| List four types of Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) |
|
Definition
1. Tonsils
2. Adenoids
3. Appendix
4. Peyer’s Patches |
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|
Term
| Define Efferent Phase of the Immune Response |
|
Definition
| Specific antibodies and effector T cells resulting from the immune response circulate to the site of immunogen and effect specific
immunity (i.e., neutralization of the immunogen) by a variety of mechanisms |
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|
Term
| List five effector-antigen interactions |
|
Definition
1. Precipitation
2. Agglutination
3. Complement fixation
4. Neutralization
5. Cytotoxicity |
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|
Term
| Define precipitation (the effector-antigen interaction |
|
Definition
| Formation of a solid in a solution, which in terms of immune function often occurs by antibody-antigen interaction |
|
|
Term
| Define agglutination (the effector-antigen interaction |
|
Definition
| The clumping of cells (such as bacteria or red blood cells) or viruses in the presence of an antibody. The antibody or other molecule binds multiple particles and joins them, creating a large complex, which may then form a precipitate |
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Term
| Define complement fixation (the effector-antigen interaction |
|
Definition
| Binding and activation of the complement cascade |
|
|
Term
| Define neutralization (the effector-antigen interaction |
|
Definition
| Blocking some activity (bacteria, virus or toxin) by antibody |
|
|
Term
| Define cytotoxicity (the effector-antigen interaction |
|
Definition
| Target cell killing by immune effectors |
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