Term
white blood cells include |
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Definition
Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, B lymphocytes (B cells), T lymphocytes (T cells) |
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Term
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Definition
Thymus Lymph, lymphatics, and lymph nodes Liver Spleen Peyer patches |
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Operational at all times, whether or not a pathogen is present |
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Definition
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innnate immunity includes |
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Definition
anatomic and physiologic barriers, inflammatory response, and the ability of certain cells to phagocytose foreign invaders |
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Sweat glands secrete lysozyme which is an |
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Definition
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Acidic gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) systems inhibit growth of |
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Definition
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Secretions from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts contain the antibody |
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Definition
IgA, as well as phagocytes |
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Term
Surfaces colonized by _ prevents pathogens from attaching/gaining access to the body |
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Definition
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inflammation and is recognized by |
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Definition
rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain) at the site of injury or infection |
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Term
The process of ingesting and digesting invading pathogens, dead cells, and cellular debris |
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Definition
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Specific to particular pathogen: activated only when needed |
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Definition
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person synthesizes own antibodies in response to pathogen |
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Definition
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antibody produced by person or animal is transferred to another person |
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Definition
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Aimed at intracellular defects caused by viruses and cancer |
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Definition
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Term
Cell-mediated immunity responsible for |
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Definition
hypersensitivity reactions and rejection of transplanted tissue |
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Term
examples of autoimmmune diseases |
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Definition
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), acute rheumatic fever, DM I, systemic lupus erythematosus, RA, Graves’ disease, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
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Term
occur when there’s a breakdown of tolerance; immune system identifies its own proteins as foreign, & mounts a response to destroy these self-proteins |
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Definition
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Term
Complications of Bone Marrow Transplants |
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Definition
Infection Thrombocytopenia Renal insufficiency Hepatic-venoocclusive disease Graft-versus-host disease |
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Term
Total number of neutrophils abnormally low, increasing risk of infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
decreased bone marrow production, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, certain drugs or an autoimmune reaction |
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Term
Common sites of infection of neutropenia |
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Definition
lung, blood, skin, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
Cancer of the lymph system, more common in older people |
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Definition
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Term
Medical treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma |
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Definition
: radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant or peripheral blood stem cell transplant |
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Term
Lymphoma, characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes |
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Definition
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Term
Hodgkin’s Disease ; incidence highest for people in their |
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Definition
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Term
Hodgkin’s Disease Medical treatment: |
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Definition
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant or peripheral blood stem cell transplant |
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Term
Cancer of the white blood cells: bone marrow produces too many immature white blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
factors that may cause leukemia |
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Definition
exposure to large doses of ionizing radiation or exposure to certain chemicals such as benzene(a compound found in gasoline) |
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Term
Two main types of leukemia |
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Definition
myelogenous and lymphocytic |
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Term
Chronic leukemia usually treated with |
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Definition
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Term
Occurs most often in adults, WBC increases over months/years |
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Definition
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Term
CML is treated with _ with a life expectancy of _ years (or longer) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Signs and symptoms of acute leukemia |
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Definition
Fevers and night sweats Fatigue, paleness, tachycardia, and tachypnea Petechiae or purpura, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, melena, or menorrhagia Weight loss and swollen lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
Signs or symptoms of infection Complete vital signs every 4 hours If sputum, note the amount and color Skin for reddened, swollen, painful, or draining areas Inspect the mouth and pharynx for reddened, swollen, painful, or draining areas Assess for any evidence of bleeding Petechiae, purpura, or ecchymoses Perform a guaiac test |
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Term
Exaggerated immune responses that can be uncomfortable and harmful to the patient |
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Definition
Hypersensitivity Reactions |
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Term
Four types of hypersensitivity reactions, classified according to the |
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Definition
time between exposure and reaction, immune mechanism involved, and site of reaction |
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Term
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE reacting to common allergens, |
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Definition
type 1 hypersensitivity reaction |
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Term
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Definition
dust, pollen, animal dander, insect stings, or various drugs |
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Term
local type 1 hypersensitivity reaction results in |
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Definition
local swelling and discomfort |
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Term
systemic type 1 hypersensitivity reaction results in |
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Definition
anaphylaxis and possible death if not recognized and treated promptly |
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Term
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by antibody reactions |
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Definition
type 2 hypersensitivity reaction |
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Term
type 2 hypersensitivity reaciton can occure with |
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Definition
mismatched blood transfusion or as a respons to various drugs |
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Term
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions result in tissue damage resulting from precipitation of antigen-antibody immune complexes |
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Definition
type 3 hypersensetivity reaction |
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Term
hyupersensitivity reaction type 3 can occur wiht |
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Definition
autoimmune reactions, some occupational diseases, or as response to various drugs |
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Term
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions result from immune cells migrating to the site of exposure days after the exposure to the antigen |
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Definition
type 4 hypersensitivity reactions |
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Term
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) |
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Definition
IgG mistakenly helps destroy patient’s platelets |
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Term
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Definition
sulfonamides, thiazide diuretics, chlorpropamide, quinidine, and gold. |
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Term
Patients with HIV are at increased risk for developing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
steroids and intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) |
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Term
Exaggerated immunologic response to vessel injury that results in extensive clot formation and decreased blood flow to the site |
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Definition
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) |
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Term
Patients critically ill with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) develop |
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Definition
fever, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, renal impairment, and neurologic symptoms |
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Term
the main treatment of TTP |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
steroids, antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin, dipyridamole, Persantine), splenectomy, or all three |
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Term
Several newer drugs target the T cells while preserving B cell function and thus more of the patient’s immune function |
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Definition
Tacrolimus (Prograf), antilymphocyte globulin, antithymocyte globulin, and murine monoclonal antibody to CD3 (OKT3) |
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Term
because the pt with neutropenia do not have the adequate numbers of WBCs to mount an immunologic respons _ may not be present |
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Definition
classic signs of infection |
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Term
in the neutropenic pt _ may be the only sign of infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
low, intermediate or high grade |
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Term
the higher grade of lymphoma the |
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Definition
more aggressive the cancer |
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Term
some late affects caused by treatemnt of hodgkin lymphoma |
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Definition
various cancers, infections, infertility and hypogonadism |
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Term
types of chronic leukemias |
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Definition
chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphoctytic leukemia |
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Term
patient's being treated for chronic leukemia genrally feel |
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Definition
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Term
a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the leukemic cells while sparing normal cells (oral medication, taken once a day) |
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Definition
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Term
after the inital high does of chemotherpay called _ patients with ALL take lower doses of chemotherapy called _ for 1 to 3 years |
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Definition
induction therapy, maintenence therapy |
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Term
inidviduals with type 1 hypersensitivity reacion can experience |
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Definition
airway obstruction, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, hypotension, shock, circulatory collapse |
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Term
prompt diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis with _ are of paramount importance |
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Definition
epinephrine, antihistamines, steroids |
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Term
transplanted graft rejection occurs because of a type of |
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Definition
type 4 hypersensitivity reacion |
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Term
adult patient swith ITP commonly sequester platelets in the _ and so _ may be done to remove this storehousem thereby increasing the circualting blood levels of platelets |
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Definition
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Term
immunosuppressive therayp with cytotoxic drugs such as _ can be used in patients who do not respond to splenectomy to treate idopathic throbocytopenic purpura |
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Definition
cyclophsphamide or azathioprine |
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Term
drugs that boost platelet prodcution include the thrombopoietin receptor agonists |
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Definition
romiplostim (nplate) and eltrombopag |
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Term
caused by antibodies that block the activity of an enzyme that is involved in blood clotting |
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Definition
acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
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Term
factors that may trigger TTP |
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Definition
conditions, medical procedures, some drugs |
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Term
conditions that may trigger ttp |
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Definition
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Term
drugs that may trigger TTP |
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Definition
ticlopidine, clopidogrem chemotherapy, hormone therpay |
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Term
patient's blood is centrifuged in an apheresis machine that separates the components so that the plasma can be selectively removed, the patiten'ts own WBCs, RBCs and plts are reinfused during the treatment |
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Definition
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Term
during plasmapheresis critically ill patients can become _ and will need close monitoring and timely interventions to maintian cardiac output and blodo pressure |
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Definition
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Term
drug therapy for TTP also includes |
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Definition
vincristine, rituximab, cyclosporine |
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