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Immunologic Disorders
ch.17 bio-119
31
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
11/08/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
type 2 hypersensitivity characteristics
Definition
  • response from hours to days later (after exposure to antibody)
  • Antibody mediated (not igE goes igG or igM)
Term

type 2 hypersensitivity

EX: transfusion reactions-ABO

Definition
  • major reaction is: donor antigens (what is on the donor RBC) to recipient antibodies (whats in the recipient)
  • natural antibodies arise in early infancy
  • RBC agglutination and lysis --> death
  • prevention: is to get the right match
Term

type 2 hypersensitivity

EX: transfusion reactions- Rh factor

Definition
  • 85% population Rh+ (have Rh Ag) 15% Rh- (have NO Ag)
  • reactions occur in Rh- people who receive Rh+ blood after being sensitized
  • similar to ABO reaction
Term

type 2 hypersensitivity

EX: hemolytic disease of newborn

Definition
  • Rh- mom has first Rh+ baby and becomes sensitized and makes anti-Rh antibodies
  • second Rh+ baby suffers attack of moms antibodies --> anemia, death
  • prevention (get Rhogam shot through IM <intramuscular>)
  • (given to Rh- mothers)
Term

type 3 hypersensitivity

characteristics

Definition
  • response from hours to days later
  • antibody antigen complexes form if increased antigens present
  • deposit in small blood vessels, esp. in skin, joints, kidneys
  • stimulate clotting, inflammation and tissue damage
Term

type 3 hypersensitivity

EX: glomerulonephritis

Definition

(affects kidneys) after untreated strep throat

~glomeruli are gone

~kidney tissue does NOT grow back when it dies, lose enough tissue kidneys will NOT be able to function

Term
type 4 hypersensitivity characteristics
Definition
  • delayed response peaks at 2-3 days later
  • cell mediated (T cell response)
  • sensitized T cells exposed to antigen
  • release cytokines and call in macrophages and killer T cells
  • tissue damaged through inflammation and cell death
Term

type 4 hypersensitivity

EX: tuberculin skin test

Definition
  • read within 48 to 72 hours
  • positive test will leave red pump on arm where the injection took place
Term

type 4 hypersensitivity

EX: contact dermatitis

Definition
  • poison oak, metal jemelry, latex products
  • treatment (cortizone cream, take meds, contact cream is more helpful)
Term

type 4 hypersensitivity

EX: tissue transplant rejection

Definition
prevention: on antiprojection drugs the rest of your life, supress immune system
Term

type 1 hypersensitivity

EXAMPLES

Definition
  • localized anaphylaxis
  • generalized (systemic) anaphylaxis
Term
type 1 hypersensitivity treatment and prevention
Definition

treatment

  • antihistamines (localized reactions)
  • bronchodilators (rescue inhaler, asthma attack)
  • steroids (preventative use, keeps down inflammation)
  • epinephrine (adrenaline, when in crisis)

prevention

  •  avoid triggers
  • immunotherapy to stimulate igG (allergy shot against the allergen neutralize any allergen found in blood)
Term
what causes an allergic reaction?
Definition
inflammatory mediators
Term

type 1 hypersensitivity

EX: generalized (systemic) anaphylaxis

Definition

this reaction occurs body wide, leads to schock

  • esp. bee stings, peanuts, penicillin
  • blood vessels dilate
  • fluid loss from blood
  • low BP-->anaphylactic schock-->organ failure
  • bronchoconstriction-->respiratory failure
  • death
Term
categories of immunologic disorders
Definition
  • hypersensitivities

~types 1-4

~allergens-->allergies

  • autoimmune diseases
  • immune deficiency disorders
Term

type 1 hypersensitivity

characteristics

Definition
  • immediate response (with exposure to the allergen)
  • antibody mediated (igE)
  • must be sensitized by initial exposure to antigen, upon subsequent exposures, release inflammatory mediators
  • genetic tendency for increased igE
Term
what has to happen to start a reaction?
Definition
cross-linking
Term

type 1 hypersensitivity

EX: localized anaphylaxis

Definition
  • hives also called urticaria (wheal and flare resonse,blisters and redness)
  • hayfever, allergic rhinitis (upper respiratry, sneezing)
  • asthma(lower respiratory, bronchioles, mucous production, can be life threatening)
Term
type 2 hypersensitivity examples
Definition
  • transfusion reactions: ABO
  • transfusion reactions: Rh factor
  • hemolytic disease of the newborn
Term
type 3 hypersensitivity examples
Definition
glomerulonephritis after untreated strep throat
Term
type 4 hypersensitivity examples
Definition
  • tuberculin skin test
  • contact dermatitis
  • tissue transplant rejection
Term
autoimmune disease characteristics
Definition
  • body sees self as a foreign
  • uses antibodies and/or immune cells to attack tissues (ex: killer T cells)
  • attack may be localized (only one organ affected, ex: graves, diabetes) or widespread (systemic, ex:lupus)
Term
autoimmune disease examples
Definition
  • rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
  • multiple sclerosis (MS)
Term

autoimmune disease

EX: rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Definition
effects joints and focuses on limbs, antibody attack on the collagen of joints, destroys collagen and replaces with scare tissue
Term

autoimmune disease

EX: multiple sclerosis (MS)

Definition
autoimmune, cellular attack on mylein sheath of neuron anything that has nerves can be infected, can do remissions, cut off age is 50
Term

immune deficiency disorders

characteristics

Definition
  • loss of immune function
  • types:

~primary: genetic or developmental (before your born)

~secondary: acquired via immunosuppressive drugs, cancer, infections, chronic stress, increasing age or maturation (when your born)

Term

immune deficiency disorder

examples

Definition
  • primary: severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
  • secondary: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
  • cancer
Term

mmune deficiency disorder

EX: primary severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

Definition
T cells just dont function making immune system NOT function, genetic, recessive
Term

immune deficiency disorder

EX: cancer

Definition

-can attack immune system

-natural killer and killer T cells

-abnormal cell

Term

immune deficiency disorders

EX: secondary acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Definition
supress the T helper cells
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