Term
| The appropriate solution for suspending red blood cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1 drop of packed cells and 60 drops of saline |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 drop of packed cells and 20 drops of saline |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 drops of packed cells and 10 drops of saline |
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Term
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Definition
| One solid clump of cells with clear background |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-3 large clumps of cells with clear background |
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Term
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Definition
| Many medium sized clumps of cells with cloudy background |
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Term
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Definition
| Numerous tiny clumps of cells with cloudy background |
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Term
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Definition
| Smooth suspension of cells |
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Term
| Best concentration for obtaining optimal reactivity |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of washing red cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why should you not let the pipette touch the test tube? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Red cells, platelets, proteins, and tissues |
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Term
| How are phenotypes determined? |
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Definition
| Presence or absence of A and B antigens and naturally occurring iso-hemagglutinins |
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Term
| Acceptable specimens contain |
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Definition
| EDTA, ACD, heparin, CPD, CPDA-1, CP2D or without anticoagulants |
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Term
| Why should testing be performed as soon as possible? |
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Definition
| Minimize the chance of false + or false - due to improper storage or contamination |
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Term
| What temperature should specimens be stored at? |
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Definition
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Term
| What additive to tubes can cause false positives? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you look for to reject a specimen? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 reasons for false positives or false negatives? |
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Definition
| Bacterial/chemical contamination of test materials, inadequate incubation time or temperature, improper centrifugations, improper storage or omission of test reagents |
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Term
| What can subgroups produce? |
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Definition
| Weaker or no reactive reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquired b antigen due to bacterial infections and auto agglutinations |
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Term
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Definition
| Negative Anti-a, anti-b, and anti-a,b |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient red cells tested with anti sera specific for antigens on cells, positive produces agglutination at immediate spin |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive anti-a, negative anti-b and positive anti-ab |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive anti-b and anti-ab, negative anti-a |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Optimum temperature for antibody-antigen reaction |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you enhance ab-ag reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you perform ag-ab test? |
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Definition
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Term
| How to confirm the forward type reaction? |
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Definition
| Serum is tested for the presence of anti-a and anti-b using reagent red cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do if the reverse test doesn't confirm the forward? |
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Definition
| Further testing, investigate before ABO group is assigned |
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Term
| How do you perform reverse test? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Plasma is tested with A and B red cells for antibodies in plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive B and Negative a1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Negative b and positive a1 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why is D antigen important in blood bank? |
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Definition
| Rh (D) antigen is strongly immunogenic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| D antigen absent on cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Who is routinely tested for weak D? |
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Definition
| Pregnant women, newborn babies, and blood donors |
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Term
| Anti sera for D typing is |
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Definition
| A mixture of IgM and IgG and albumin to potentiate |
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Term
| Why do we use Rh control (Gammaclone)? |
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Definition
| Albumin can potentiate false agglutination reactions of patients with abnormal red cells |
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Term
| What should the Rh control be? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you do if the Rh control is positive? |
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Definition
| Retype the patient's cells using saline anti-D anti sera |
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Term
| What can cause a positive control? |
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Definition
| Rouleux, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease of the newborn, warm antibodies, certain transfusion reactions |
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Term
| How can Rh typing be performed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the Rh slide method performed? |
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Definition
| Rh view box which is heated to 45C |
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Term
| How is the weak D test performed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the weak D test read? |
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Definition
| Macro-scopically, except for pregnant women and suspicion of transfusion reaction |
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Term
| Factors that can cause false test results in weak d? |
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Definition
| Contamination of specimens/ reagent, aged blood specimens, too light or heavy suspensions, improper incubation time or temperature, improper centrifuge calibration, too vigorous shaking and deviation from test procedure |
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Term
| When do you move to AHG phase? |
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Definition
| If D tube is negative in immediate spin |
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Term
| What are Coombs control cells used for? |
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Definition
| Assure AHG was added to negative D and DC tubes |
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Term
| What should Coombs cells be? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-D positive, Rh control negative, no weak D testing |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-D negative, Rh control negative, weak D negative, D control negative, Check cells positive |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-D positive, Rh control positive, no weak D testing |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-D negative, Rh control negative, weak D positive, D control negative, check cells positive |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-D negative, Rh control negative, weak D positive, D control positive |
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