Term
| Innate immunity vs Adaptive immunity |
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Definition
innate= non-specific immunity, what you were born with, immediate response
adaptive immunity=specific, get with experience, much slower |
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Term
| Who was LADY MONTAGUE, why is she important |
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Definition
small pox war
became aware of varioloation or inoculation; injecting disease in healthy person in hopes of strengthening immune system
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Term
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Definition
FATHER OF IMMUNOBILOGY
noticed immunity bestowed to milkmaids who were injected with fluid from cowpox blisters into skin of patient- |
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Term
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Definition
| WHO DECLARED SMALLPOX WAS ERADICATED FROM WORLD |
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Term
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Definition
| abx kills bact that is hazaderous to body, but also detrimental to healthy bacteria, which would normally protect the body from other pathogenic foreginers, this makes body vulnerable to other attacks |
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Term
what 2 compoenents of the body form first line of defense against infection |
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Definition
SKIN and MUCOUSAL surfaces- Euk viruses virtually cannot enter, VIRUSes on the other hand can get through only in body openings such as cuts, since they need to reach the blood stream. |
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Term
| Why are viruses so effective against immune system |
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Definition
Virus implant their genetic selves INTO cells, rather then float around in intercellular fluids (outside of cell) for this reason, ANTIBODIES cannot attack and destroy the virus cell, but, they do cause confirmation change to cells, which allow immune system detect them
antibodies will then act as SUICIDE BOMERS to destroy them |
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Term
| how do virus enter the body? |
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Definition
| ONLY through BODY OPENINGS! |
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Term
| immune system do not survey eyes |
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Definition
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Term
5 different types of pathogens, main entrance of each
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Definition
Virus- body opening
Bacteria- body opening
fungi- spores, opportunistic resident flora
protozoan parasites- insect bites, oral
helminth parasites- oral, skin by bathing in infected water |
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Term
3 types of defense in immune system |
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Definition
1. mechanical- flow of fluidssss
2. chemica- aciditiy, enzympes, lysozymes, septum
3. microbiolgoical- resident bacterial |
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Term
| wha initiates immune responses |
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Definition
innate immune response causes inflammation at sites of infection
need inflammation in order to have a response |
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Term
| ex. of adaptive immune response after innate inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| adaptive immune response produces, Natural killer (NK), B cells and T cells. Describe how each function in immunity. |
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Definition
T cells are considered "inspector cells", which can produce "modified cells" (cell producing),
- produces HELPER T CELLS and CD8, helpers activate more T cells and B cells, CD8's kill by producing proteins that engulf foreign bodies
B cells- produces antibodies act as bombers to elminate foreign bodies, antibodies also become memory cells later on for disease
Natural Killer cells- attacks anything not you
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Term
| How does INNATE immune response cells such as dedritic cells and complement, and all other not B, T, or NK, function in immunity? |
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Definition
Dendritic cells- form lymph nodes due to high SA, will detect FB
Complement- a protein lysis bacteria in blood stream |
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Term
Innate Immune response
Mechanism of Complement |
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Definition
bac. cell surface (LPS) induces cleavage and activation of complement (automatic)
Complement binds to cell surface (LPS) of bacteria, this then transports bact to a effector or phagocytoic cell through cell to cell interaction
bact gets engulfed, degraded, recycled.
KEY: LPS on cell surface of bact. |
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Term
INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Descripe mech. of Inflammation |
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Definition
puncture of skin, causes debris to enter body, resident effector cells secrete CYTOKINES (flares)
Cytokines calls for reinforcement: causes leakage into loc of break T/B/phagocytic cells,
increased proteins and vasodilation causes redness, heat, swellig, and pain to infected tissue |
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Term
| thymus shrinks s/p 15 yrs old, why? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
pre-programmed cell death, natural mech which occurs without inflammation
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Term
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Definition
| unplanned, accidental cell death due to phys, chemial injury, involves inflammation in order to alert the immune system |
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Term
| what is more detrimental to health, lacking adaptive or innate immunity |
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Definition
| lacking innate, pathogens will grow completely unchecked. since innate is much quicker |
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Term
What are Hematopoietic stem cells, what function do they serve, how are they able to serve their function?
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Definition
| these are cells that lack DNa that was president in the starting stem cells, they can basically form to any kind of immune system cells |
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Term
| lymphocytes (specialized lymphoid tissues) are found where? |
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Definition
lymph nodes
thymus
peyers patches |
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Term
where do immune system cells created from hematopoietic cells develop in the highest number?
yolk sac
fetal liver and spleen
bone marrow
over the long run vs the short time |
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Definition
yolk sac decreases with time
bone marrow production increases the most overtime |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Neutrophils are stored in the bone marrow and are released when during infection. what function do they serve as an immune cell |
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Definition
| enter infected tissue, kill and engulf them where they also die and later get engulfed by macrophages |
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Term
| what induces macrophage engulfmant and degradation? |
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Definition
| binding of bacteria to phago receptors or binding of bacterial body parts signaling receptors on macrophages inducing synthesis of inflammatory cytokines through transcription in macrophage cell |
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Term
| lymphatics collect lymph (plasma) and return to blood via what 2 paths? |
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Definition
thoracic duct
subclavian vein
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Term
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Definition
| helf effectors ( assasins) by marking the enemey with flags |
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Term
| describe the pathogen-recognition mechnisms (pg 9) |
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Definition
1. bacterial cell surface induces cleavage and activation of complement
2. one complement frag bonds to bacterium, other complement attracts effector cells (macrphage etc)
3. complements binds together
4. ALL ENGULFED HAHAHAH |
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Term
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Definition
activate innate immune response such as inflammation in infected tissue due to damaged tissue sensing pressence of bacteria
cytokines act as warning signals to body |
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Term
| main difference b/w adaptive and innate immune |
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Definition
| adaptive have lymphocytes that have SPECIALIZED cell receptors for certain "bad guys" whereas inherent has SEVERAL |
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Term
| function of small lymphocyte |
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Definition
prod. antibodes ( Bcells)
cytotoxic warners
helpter T-cells |
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Term
| function of Plasma Cell ** |
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Definition
| mature B cell that secretes antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| arch enemy is cells that have been turned to zombies by virus |
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Term
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Definition
| most dominant- phagoctzes and kills microorganism |
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Term
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Definition
| killing of antibody-coarted parasites through release of granule content |
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Term
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Definition
| controlling immune responses to PARASITES |
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Term
| function of dendritic cells |
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Definition
activation of T cells
initiation of adaptive immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
| expulsion of parasites from body through release of graunles containing HISTAMINE and other active agents ( SUICIDE BOMBERS) |
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Term
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Definition
INACTIVE Macrophage
precursor |
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Term
you have all the T cells for the rest of your life.
ALl originate in Bone marrow ones that travel to thymus mature to T-cells |
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Definition
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Term
| the spleen provides what to blood infections |
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Definition
| adaptive immunity since it is the one that filters all the bad stuff |
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Term
| secondary lymph nodes are associated with what major organ? |
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Definition
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Term
GALT
(Gut- associated lymphoid tissues ) |
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Definition
tonsils and peyer's patch
peyers patch- line the sml intestine |
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Term
BALT
( bronchial associated lymphoid tissues)
one of the secondary lymphoid tissues |
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Definition
resporatory epithelium
other mucosal surfaces including GI trat |
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Term
MALK
( mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue) |
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Definition
| other mucosal surface which are more diffused |
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Term
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Definition
regionof GALT called the peyers patch which has an opening called the M cell where antigens travel into the cell
peyers patch- location where bacteria/virus get dumped ( only at M cell) |
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