Term
| Examples of physical barriers? |
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Definition
| Skin, flora on skin and in GI tract |
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Term
| What are the multiple layers of defense? |
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Definition
| Physical Barriers, Innate immunity, Acquired Immunity, Passive Immunity |
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Term
| What kind of process is the physical barrier? |
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Definition
| Self cleaning (ie, coughing, vomiting) |
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Term
| What makes up innate immunity? |
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Definition
| Cells and the chemicals they make (neutrophiles, macrophages) |
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Term
| An example of an innate defense process |
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Definition
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Term
| Which immune system has memory? |
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Definition
| Acquired does, innate does not |
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Term
| What is the smart immune system? Why? |
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Definition
| Acquired Immunity, because it recognizes foreign invaders, destroys them, then remembers them. |
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Term
| What system responds immediately? |
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Definition
| Innate responds immediately, acquired takes time to generate a response |
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Term
| What type of immunity targets extracellular bacteria? Intracellular? |
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Definition
| Extracellular is humoral immunity (antibody made my B-lymphocytes). Intracellular is cell mediated immunity |
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Term
| Examples of passive immunity? |
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Definition
| Antibody in colostrums (horses born with none!), vaccines. |
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Term
| Common problems associated with the immune system? |
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Definition
| Hypersensitivities (allergies), autoimmunity (MS), Immunodeficiencies, neoplasia (leukemia) |
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Term
| Where are monocytes, neutrophiles, and macrophages located? |
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Definition
| Monocytes and neutrophiles are located in the blood, macrophages are in tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that mediate cellular interactions and regulate cell growth and secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytokines that can interfere with viral replication. Some are important in regulating immunity. |
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Term
| What is the first and major phagocyte to respond to infections? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is above normal concentration of neutrophils in the blood called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes neutrophiles to ciculate? |
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Definition
| Stress, glucocoricoids epinephrine…may cause neutrophilia |
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Term
| What are the “martyrs of the immune system?” |
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Definition
| Neutrophils, they attract macrophages when dying (from phagocytosis). Have short life span from hrs to a few days. |
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Term
| What cells are capable of sustained killing? Which aren’t? |
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Definition
| Neutrophils are not, monocytes are. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surface receptors for complement proteins or adhesion proteins and receptors for Fc part of Ab |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell surface protein molecules that promote adherence of cell to various things. |
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Term
| How do integrins aid neutrohpils? |
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Definition
| They bind inflamed endothelial cells to allow the neutrophil to exit the vascular system and enter the tissue. |
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Term
| What are the four steps to phagocytosis? |
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Definition
| Chemotaxis, Adherence to the microbe, ingestion of microbe, and destruction of microbe. |
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